Rapid indirect separation of glutamine enantiomers by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Analysis of dietary supplements

Abstract

Glutamine is the most abundant free proteinogenic α‐amino acid. It is naturally produced in the organism and acts as a precursor for the synthesis of different biologically important molecules (such as proteins or nucleotides). However, under stressful conditions, the organism is unable to produce it in enough amounts to function properly. Thus, glutamine (Gln)‐based supplements have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Since legal regulations establish that amino acid‐based dietary supplements must contain only the L‐enantiomer and not the racemate, adequate chiral methodologies are required to achieve their quality control. In this work, an analytical methodology based on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography is proposed for the rapid enantiomeric determination of DL‐Gln in dietary supplements. Using (+)‐1‐(9‐fluorenyl)‐ethyl chloroformate as a derivatizing agent and ammonium perfluorooctanoate as separation medium, the Gln diastereoisomers formed under optimal conditions were separated in 8 min with a resolution of 2.8. The analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection/quantitation, and they were found appropriate for the analysis of L‐Gln‐based dietary supplements.