Rapid identification of Candida glabrata in Candida bloodstream infections

Foster, Nicholas Hd; Symes, Charlotte; Barton, Richard; Hobson, Richard P.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47406-0

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is not completely surprising as carbohydrate metabolism of C. glabrata differs in many ways from that of other candidal species and it is more adapted to fermentative anaerobic growth. 21,22 In conclusion, our in vitro study shows that xylitol in concentrations that are comparable to those in vivo during intake of xylitol products reduce remarkably the production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde from ethanol by Candida representing normal oral flora. This appears to be caused by the xylitol-induced inhibition of the microbial ADH enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Xylitol inhibits carcinogenic acetaldehyde production by Candida species

Uittamo

Nieminen

Kaihovaara

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Acetaldehyde is a highly toxic and mutagenic product of alcohol fermentation and metabolism which has been classified as a Class I carcinogen for humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Many Candida species representing oral microbiota have been shown to be capable of marked acetaldehyde production. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of various sugar alcohols and sugars on microbial acetaldehyde production. The study hypothesis was that xylitol could reduce the amount of acetaldehyde produced by Candida. Laboratory and clinical isolates of seven Candida species were selected for the study. The isolates were incubated in 12 mM ethanol and 110 mM glucose, fructose or xylitol at 37°C for 30 min and the formed acetaldehyde was measured by gas chromatography. Xylitol significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the amount of acetaldehyde produced from ethanol by 84%. In the absence of xylitol, the mean acetaldehyde production in ethanol incubation was 220.5 μM and in ethanol–xylitol incubation 32.8 μM. This was found to be mediated by inhibition of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Coincubation with glucose reduced the amount of produced acetaldehyde by 23% and coincubation with fructose by 29%. At concentrations that are representative of those found in the oral cavity during the intake of proprietary xylitol products, xylitol was found to reduce the production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde from ethanol by Candida below the mutagenic level of 40–100 μM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Xylitol inhibits carcinogenic acetaldehyde production by Candida species

Uittamo

Nieminen

Kaihovaara

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The inability of the Bactec Plus Aerobic/F medium to detect growth and/or the delayed detection of growth for C. glabrata has been described previously (15). Using the Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F BC bottles with the Bactec 9240, Foster et al demonstrated the need for the anaerobic blood culture bottle to improve the recovery of C. glabrata (11). In addition, differences in BC broth composition, which is at least in part proprietary information to the respective manufacturer, may account for differences in the ability to recover C. glabrata in the two CMBCS studied here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of BD Bactec Plus Aerobic/F Medium to VersaTREK Redox 1 Blood Culture Medium for Detection of Candida spp. in Seeded Blood Culture Specimens Containing Therapeutic Levels of Antifungal Agents

et al. 2011

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Recovery of Candida spp. using the BD Bactec FX blood culture (BC) system (Bactec Plus Aerobic/F medium) and the VersaTREK system (aerobic Redox medium) was evaluated using seeded BC bottles with and without the addition of commonly used antifungal agents. BC bottles (n ‫؍‬ 1,442) were each inoculated with 10 ml human whole blood and 0.1 ml of suspensions of Candida spp., with or without antifungal agents. BC bottles were incubated in the corresponding system for a maximum of 5 days. In the absence of antifungal agents, Bactec FX recovered 97.4% of Candida spp., and VersaTREK recovered 99.1% (P ‫؍‬ 0.154). With regard to length of time to detection (LTD) and overall recovery, both systems had various levels of effectiveness in recovering C. glabrata. In bottles containing antifungal agents, Bactec FX recovered 83.1% of isolates, whereas VersaTREK recovered 50.7% of Candida spp. (P < 0.001). For BC bottles without the addition of antifungal agents, the median LTD for VersaTREK was 2.2 h faster than that of Bactec FX (P < 0.001). In the presence of antifungal agents, the Bactec FX recovery time was significantly faster than that of VersaTREK (median difference of 10.8 h, P < 0.001). We conclude that both systems have comparable abilities to recover Candida spp. from seeded blood cultures in the absence of antifungal agents. In the presence of therapeutic levels of commonly used antifungal agents, the Bactec FX system demonstrated a significantly greater recovery of various Candida spp., as well as a shorter LTD.

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“…In patients with candidemia, the TTP has been reported to be longer for Candida glabrata than for other Candida species in BacT/Alert (6,7) and Bactec 9240 systems (8)(9)(10). Previous works showed that C. glabrata is particularly prone to grow in anaerobic blood culture vials (11,12), and two clinical studies reported that an exclusive or earlier growth in anaerobic vials is useful for predicting C. glabrata (8,13). However, while both clinical studies showed a high specificity, the sensitivity was 37% in one and 95% in the other.…”

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confidence: 99%