Rapid Identification and Verification of Indirubin-Containing Medicinal Plants

Hu, Zhigang; Tu, Yuan; Xia, Ye; Cheng, Peipei; Sun, Wei; Shi, Yuhua; Guo, Licheng; He, Haibo; Xiong, Chenglong; Chen, Shilin; Zhang, Xiuqiao

doi:10.1155/2015/484670

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Tryptanthrine is reported to exhibit anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) (IC 50 1.52 μM) which suggests the potent anti-HCoV-NL63 activity of it [32]. The other component which is indirubin is also reported to possess antiviral and immunomodulatory activity predominantly against influenza-A [33][34][35]. These natural products may act as a promising candidate to combat the COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences

Narkhede

Pise

Cheke³

et al. 2020

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

180

126

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SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences

Narkhede

Pise

Cheke³

et al. 2020

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

180

126

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“…The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region has been proposed as a candidate DNA barcode for medicinal plants Han et al, 2016;Xiang et al, 2015;Yao et al, 2010). At present, the DNA barcoding technique has been successfully used to identify traditional Chinese medicines from adulterants and closely related species (Hu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Pang et al, 2013;Pang et al, 2011), such as Corni Fructus , Aristolochiaceous herbs (Wu et al, 2015), Ganoderma species (Liao et al, 2015), and Rhodiola species (Xin et al, 2015). Therefore, this study used the ITS2 region to distinguish Fritillariae bulbus from other species and adulterants.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Fritillariae bulbus from adulterants using ITS2 regions

et al. 2016

Plant Gene

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Distinguishing the five types of Fritillariae bulbus (Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus, Fritillariae ussuriensis bulbus, Fritillariae pallidiflorae bulbus, Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus)is difficult because of their similar morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics. These species, which are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, exhibit different therapeutic effects. Therefore, we used internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions as DNA barcode to distinguish the five types of Fritillariae bulbus from each other and their adulterants. A total of 151 samples belonging to five types of Fritillariae bulbus (a total of 11 species of Fritillaria) and two adulterant species were collected. The phylogeny was constructed using the neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Genomic DNAs were successfully extracted from all bulbus samples and obtaining high-quality ITS2 sequences via polymerase chain reaction optimization. The length of the ITS2 sequence of 12 Fritillaria species ranged from 235 bp to 241 bp, and the average GC content was over 68%. Adulterants Bolbostemma paniculatum and F. maximowiczii could be A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTdistinguished from all Fritillariae bulbus species by using the distance and tree methods. The ML tree showed better topology than the NJ and MP trees. Members of each type of Fritillariae bulbus formed one clade, which was strongly supported with bootstrap values, except for Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus in the ML tree. Therefore, DNA barcoding technology based on ITS2 regions can be used to distinguish the five types of Fritillariae bulbus from each other and their adulterants except for Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus.

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“…S. cusia leaves contain effective chemical components with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, including βsitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin (6,12-dihydro-6,12-dioxoindolo-(2,1-b)-quinazoline), betulin, indigodole A, indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin), strobilanthosides A-C, and phenylethanoidglycosides [9,10]. Notably, indirubin and its derivatives modulate influenza A virusinduced inflammation and have been suggested as antiviral and immunomodulatory agents against influenza A virus infection [3,[11][12][13][14]. β-sitosterol exerts an inhibitory effect on the in vitro enzymatic activity of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63

et al. 2020

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Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 μg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aRethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 μM and 2.60 μM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 μM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 μM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection.

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Rapid Identification and Verification of Indirubin-Containing Medicinal Plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences

Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences

Identification of Fritillariae bulbus from adulterants using ITS2 regions

Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63

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