Rapid Identification and Monitoring of Multiple Bacterial Infections Using Printed Nanoarrays

Abstract

Fast and accurate detection of microbial cells in clinical samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here, a simple, culture‐free diagnostic system is developed for direct detection of pathogenic bacteria in water, urine, and serum samples using an optical colorimetric biosensor. It consists of printed nanoarrays chemically conjugated with specific antibodies that exhibits distinct color changes after capturing target pathogens. By utilizing the internal capillarity inside an evaporating droplet, target preconcentration is achieved within a few minutes to enable rapid identification and more efficient detection of bacterial pathogens. More importantly, the scattering signals of bacteria are significantly amplified by the nanoarrays due to strong near‐field localization, which supports a visualizable analysis of the growth, reproduction, and cell activity of bacteria at the single‐cell level. Finally, in addition to high selectivity, this nanoarray‐based biosensor is also capable of accurate quantification and continuous monitoring of bacterial load on food over a broad linear range, with a detection limit of 10 CFU mL−1. This work provides an accessible and user‐friendly tool for point‐of‐care testing of pathogens in many clinical and environmental applications, and possibly enables a breakthrough in early prevention and treatment.

Tunable Near-Infrared II Photosensitive Platforms of Plasmonic Ring Nanocone Arrays

“…NIR-based optical technologies have received extensive interest because of their various prospective applications in clinical diagnosis and medicament dispensing in cellular tissue and trace molecules’ detection. − Preparation of “hot spot” with a strong localized electric field from a small distance between plasmonic nanoparticles or the sharp tip of anisotropic nanostructure was acceptable as the main distribution to enhance Raman intensity. , However, random aggregation of plasmonic nanoparticles induced a significant redshift of surface plasmon resonance modes, and uncontrollable optical properties were the drawbacks of SERS reproducibility and sensitivity. , Much effort has been made to fabricate SERS substrates including lithography technology and nanoparticle self-assembly to improve SERS signal. − …”

“…24,25 However, random aggregation of plasmonic nanoparticles induced a significant redshift of surface plasmon resonance modes, and uncontrollable optical properties were the drawbacks of SERS reproducibility and sensitivity. 26,27 Much effort has been made to fabricate SERS substrates including lithography technology and nanoparticle self-assembly to improve SERS signal. 28−31 To further extend the functionalities of assembling plasmonic surfaces, these architectures are often merged with interconnected responsive polymer chains as they have already displayed an enhancement of florescence or SERs signals or biological compatibility and can highly respond to an external stimuli, such as light, temperature, or pH.…”

A novel multifunctional SERS microfluidic sensor based on ZnO/Ag nanoflower arrays for label-free ultrasensitive detection of bacteria

“…8 Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an accurate and efficient testing tool that can promptly detect the microorganisms' presence and proliferation, facilitating the timely implementation of necessary measures to prevent health and safety issues from bacterial infections. 9,10 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers many advantages in bacterial detection, providing sensitive molecular level detection and realizing rapid detection, specic detection, sensitive detection, and real-time monitoring. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Therefore, SERS has been widely used in bacterial detection to solve the aforementioned bacterial detection problems.…”

A self‐powered biosensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator for dual‐specificity bacterial detection

“…Additionally, it is a prevalent microorganism in healthcare facilities and the leading Gram-negative pathogen responsible for pneumonia in US hospitals, 12 making it a primary focus of detection and control efforts. For the precise detection and quantification of bacteria, microbial sensors (MS) are utilized, [13][14][15] which ideally should possess a range of features, including high specificity, sensitivity, stability, self-powering capability, and portability. Specific detection methods yield precise results, minimizing false results and enabling swift action.…”