Rapid Identification and Determination of N-Nitrosamines in Food Products by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by Exact Masses of Protonated Molecules

Method for trace determination of N‐nitrosamines impurities in metronidazole benzoate using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…(2) High sensitivity: The method exhibited high sensitivity at low LOD and LOQ of the six NAs impurities. Compared to the analytical method for trace determination of NAs impurities in other studies (usually EI or ESI ion sources) [17–26], the LOD (0.22 ng/ml) and LOQ (0.33 ng/ml) in this method (APCI ion source) were lower, indicating the high sensitivity of the method.…”

“…Amelin et al. determined NAs in food using microwave‐associated extraction‐GLC‐MS and LLE‐UPLC‐MS, and the LOQ of NDMA in beer was found to be as low as 2 ng/ml [23, 28]. Lashgari et al.…”

“…Recently, the determination of NAs in food, water, and drugs using LC, GC, gas-LC (GLC), and nonchromatographic methods have been reported [8,11,12,[17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, LC and GC have been combined with MS, MS/MS, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy [15,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. Generally, samples need to be preconcentrated before injection into the instrument using methods such as SPE [23], SPME [27], micro-SPE [21], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [22], microwaveassociated extraction [28], needle trap device [29], and QueChERS extraction [30].…”

“…Furthermore, LC and GC have been combined with MS, MS/MS, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy [15,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. Generally, samples need to be preconcentrated before injection into the instrument using methods such as SPE [23], SPME [27], micro-SPE [21], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [22], microwaveassociated extraction [28], needle trap device [29], and QueChERS extraction [30]. No-Sample-preparation methods are also reported [12,24].…”

Development of a fully automated analytical platform based on static headspace‐gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of five N‐nitrosamines in dried aquatic products of animal origin

“…Various preparation methods such as solid phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) have been applied in the determination of NAs to reduce the matrix effect 17‐19 . However, a disadvantage of these methods is that these steps must be completed manually, thus leading to a poor analysis efficiency 20‐21 . For volatile analytes, there has been some research carried out in the area of continuous sampling aiming to reduce the time and solvent consumption involved in preparing samples 22‐23 .…”