Rapid genetic detection of ingested Amanita phalloides

Gausterer, Christian; Penker, Martina; Krisai‐Greilhuber, Irmgard; Stein, Christina; Stimpfl, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.11.002

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These genetic markers have been applied to perform identification in a variety of food products such as olive oil [e.g., 209 , 210 ], grapevine cultivars [e.g., 211 , 212 , 213 ], composition of honey [e.g., 214 , 215 , 216 ], mushrooms [e.g., 217 , 218 , 219 ], dairy products [e.g., 220 , 221 , 222 ], seafood products [ 20 ], or meat species adulteration [ 223 ]. Additional documented cases include: i ) identification of cultivars of basmati rice [ 224 ], pome [ 225 ] and stone fruits [ 226 ], leguminosae [ 227 , 228 ], coffee [ 229 ], and tea and infusions [ 230 ]; ii ) patent misappropriation of strawberry cultivars [ 231 ]; iii ) confirmation of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), or Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) in olive [ 232 ] and grape [ 213 , 233 ] products; iv ) adulteration of traditional medicines [ 234 , 235 ] and herbs or spices [ 236 ]; v ) insufficient and erroneous food labelling, including the presence of some hidden allergens [ 237 , 238 ] or genetically modified organisms [ 239 ] (GMOs; see section Genetically modified organisms).…”

Section: Food Analysis and Traceabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

et al. 2017

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While traditional forensic genetics has been oriented towards using human DNA in criminal investigation and civil court cases, it currently presents a much wider application range, including not only legal situations sensu stricto but also and, increasingly often, to preemptively avoid judicial processes. Despite some difficulties, current forensic genetics is progressively incorporating the analysis of nonhuman genetic material to a greater extent. The analysis of this material—including other animal species, plants, or microorganisms—is now broadly used, providing ancillary evidence in criminalistics in cases such as animal attacks, trafficking of species, bioterrorism and biocrimes, and identification of fraudulent food composition, among many others. Here, we explore how nonhuman forensic genetics is being revolutionized by the increasing variety of genetic markers, the establishment of faster, less error-burdened and cheaper sequencing technologies, and the emergence and improvement of models, methods, and bioinformatics facilities.

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Section: Food Analysis and Traceabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

et al. 2017

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“…For example, molecular biology approaches, including the use of polymerase chain reaction analysis, are often required to definitively diagnose a specific Amanita (or other) mushroom species. 31 – 35 Additional analytical chemical methods are also available to confirm certain mushroom exposures. For example, analytical approaches exist to detect amanitins (amatoxins) in bile and urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of flotation concentration of fungal spores as a method to identify toxigenic mushrooms

Bazzle¹,

Cubeta²,

Marks³

et al. 2014

VMRR

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PurposeMushroom poisoning is a recurring and challenging problem in veterinary medicine. Diagnosis of mushroom exposure in animals is hampered by the lack of rapid diagnostic tests. Our study evaluated the feasibility of using flotation concentration and microscopic evaluation of spores for mushroom identification. Evaluation of this method in living animals exposed to toxigenic mushrooms is limited by ethical constraints; therefore, we relied upon the use of an in vitro model that mimics the oral and gastric phases of digestion.MethodsIn our study, mycologist-identified toxigenic (poisonous) and nontoxigenic fresh mushrooms were collected in North Carolina, USA. In phase 1, quantitative spore recovery rates were determined following magnesium sulfate, modified Sheather’s sugar solution, and zinc sulfate flotation (n=16 fungal species). In phase 2, mushrooms (n=40 fungal species) were macerated and digested for up to 2 hours in a salivary and gastric juice simulant. The partially digested material was acid neutralized, filtered, and spores concentrated using zinc sulfate flotation followed by microscopic evaluation of spore morphology.ResultsMean spore recovery rates for the three flotation fluids ranged from 32.5% to 41.0% (P=0.82). Mean (± standard error of the mean) Amanita spp. spore recovery rates were 38.1%±3.4%, 36.9%±8.6%, and 74.5%±1.6% (P=0.0012) for the magnesium sulfate, Sheather’s sugar, and zinc sulfate solutions, respectively. Zinc sulfate flotation following in vitro acid digestion (phase 2) yielded spore numbers adequate for microscopic visualization in 97.5% of trials. The most common spore shapes observed were globose, spiked, elliptical, smooth and reticulate.ConclusionFlotation can concentrate mushroom spores; however, false negative results can occur. Spore morphology could not be used to differentiate species of mushroom-forming fungi since the spore shape and surface characteristics seen in the present study were often observed with multiple species of mushroom-forming fungi.

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“…This method is promising in detecting the incorrect labeling of processed products and can therefore be used to protect the consumer and to assess food quality. Besides the previous publications that have reported the use of conventional and real-time PCR in the cases of suspected mushroom poisoning as an alternative to morphological investigations and as a complementary approach to toxicological analyses, an article on a rapid and sensitive detection of genetic traces from poisonous mushrooms in a variety of matrices, including raw, fried, and digested mushroom homogenates, spiked feces, and clinical samples (vomit, stool), has just been published by Gausterer et al ( 2014 ). The majority of reported fatal intoxications have been attributed to a few species of the Amanita genus and in particular to the death cap Amanita phalloides , which can cause a high mortality rate (10-30 % in adults).…”

Section: Food Applications and Toxicity Of Ecm Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets

Arora¹

2015

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Rapid genetic detection of ingested Amanita phalloides

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

Feasibility of flotation concentration of fungal spores as a method to identify toxigenic mushrooms

Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets

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