Rapid Gas Decompression Performance of elastomers – A study of influencing testing parameters

Schrittesser, Bernd; Pinter, Gerald; Schwarz, T.; Kadar, Zalan; Nagy, T.

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.220

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to the literature, the increase in cross‐links as well as chain scission are the main possible ageing mechanisms at elevated temperatures for HNBR . Despite hydrogenation, RDBs on the main chain do exist and they have been identified as the strongest factors for cross‐linking and chain scission mechanisms of HNBR . As depicted in Figure , the observed Raman spectrum reflects the existence of CC bonds from its characteristic band ∼1550–1650 cm −1 in HNBR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Properties of the HNBR depend on the ACN/BD ratio and the concentration of ACN in HNBR influences the properties of the final product. With higher ACN content, the resistance to solvents, oil and fuel will rise, but the elasticity and low temperature flexibility will be reduced . HNBR contains three more bonds other than the diene namely, CH, CC and CN, which have 346, 411 and 887 kJ/mol bond energies, respectively.…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Thermo‐Oxidative Ageing of HNBR in Oil Field Applications

Balasooriya

Schrittesser

Karunakaran

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary The oxidative ageing behavior of carbon black‐ (85 phr) filled hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) was characterized in this study. HNBR is widely used in many oil and gas field applications for seals, hoses, down‐hole packers etc., due to its intrinsic combination of good heat and excellent oil and chemical resistance, coupled with outstanding physical properties. Hence, to support the material development, it is of prime theoretical and practical importance to characterize the ageing behavior of HNBR. In this work, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of aged and un‐aged material were examined using tensile, tear and dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Possible micro structural changes and functional groups involved in aging were detected using DQ NMR, Raman spectroscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy in ATR mode. The results indicated that the ageing process caused the material to deteriorate; tensile strength − strain at break, the strain at tear strength and the damping properties were decreased. Additionally, the stiffness and the glass transition temperature of the material were also raised. According to the literature, residual double bonds in HNBR are involved in forming hydro peroxide and propagating the autocatalytic oxidation process in the presence of oxygen at higher temperature. This process leads to the oxidative degradation resulting in cross‐linking and in chain scissions as the predominant reactions contributing to properties. Furthermore, at ∼100 °C, oxidation through the nitrile group was observed converting the cyano functional group into the imino group; but at higher temperatures, it was negligible. The results suggest that the cross‐linking and the chain scission mechanisms are significant after 72 hours and 168 hours of exposure, respectively, at 150 °C. However, when aged at 170 °C, both cross‐linking and chain scission were even effective after 24 hours of exposure time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Thermo‐Oxidative Ageing of HNBR in Oil Field Applications

Balasooriya

Schrittesser

Karunakaran

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…Therefore improving the material properties to face the challenges in use are of utmost interest among materials scientists. The specific catastrophic failure phenomenon, the rapid gas decompression (RGD), which occurs in almost every fluid-handling elastomeric component as a result of sudden pressure release, is well-known, but is still under discussion even after decades [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. This failure leads to high volume increase, crack initiation, crack growth, and the complete destruction of the component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The whole process can be divided into the pressurization and the depressurization phases. The first occurs due to the penetration of different media (mainly in gas conditions) at high-pressure and high-temperature atmospheres; it leads to a volume increase, strongly depending on the temperature, the pressure, and the media used [6,9,10]. The latter is a highly complex phase, where a high volume change of the component due to the pressure reduction occurs at ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RGD phenomenon of elastomers is common in harsh environments and this rather complex process is seemingly a combination of many factors. Several authors have made efforts to identify the RGD behavior in different aspects dealing with the influence of testing parameters, fracture mechanical approaches and simulation models [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. However, it is still of prime interest to identify the influence of the material composition, especially of the reinforcing fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of the Surface Area of Carbon Black Grades on HNBR in Harsh Environments

et al. 2019

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Concerning the still rising demand for oil and gas products, the development of new reliable materials to guarantee the facility safety at extreme operating conditions is an utmost necessity. The present study mainly deals with the influence of different carbon black (CB) filled hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), which is a material usually used in sealing applications, on the rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistance in harsh environments. Therefore, RGD component level tests were conducted in an autoclave. The supporting mechanical and dynamic mechanical property analysis, the microscopic level investigations on the material and failure analysis were conducted and are discussed in this work. Under the tested conditions, the samples filled with smaller CB primary particles showed a slightly lower volume increase during the compression and decompression phases; however, they steered to a significantly lower resistance to RGD. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that the samples filled with smaller CB particles formed larger structures as well as densified filler networks including larger agglomerates and as a consequence a decrease effective matrix component around the CB particles. Apparently, at higher loading conditions, which already deliver a certain level of mechanical stresses and strains, the densified filler network, and especially a lower amount of effective matrix material composition, adversely affect the RGD resistance. SEM-based fracture analysis did not identify any influence of the CB grades tested on the crack initiation site; however, it revealed that the cracks initiated from existing voids, hard particles, or low strength matrix sites and propagated to the outer surface.

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Study of hydrogen sulfide effect on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber for sealing application in oil and gas industry

Yun

Zolfaghari

Sane

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) and Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) have been widely used in many sealing applications for downhole operation. To build practical operation limits for NBR and HNBR packer elements, it is required to fill the gap between laboratory‐scale tests and field operation experience on how packer elements behave in such conditions. This study encompassed the experimental work on NBR and HNBR packer elements exposed to various sour conditions comparable to field operation. The elastomer specimens, such as NBR, showed less resistant to H2S in the controlled laboratory tests (e.g., at 121°C and 52.5 MPa with 5% of H2S) compared with an uncontrolled environment inside oil and gas well (e.g., at 134°C and 47 MPa with 3.5% of H2S). The behavior could be explained by different exposure conditions like exposure geometry, stress, temperature, pressure, and H2S concentrations. This is potentially the first‐ever comprehensive study in the oil and gas industry, which shows that the operation limit of NBR and HNBR packer elements can be extended to a higher H2S concentration.

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Rapid Gas Decompression Performance of elastomers – A study of influencing testing parameters

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of Thermo‐Oxidative Ageing of HNBR in Oil Field Applications

Influence of Thermo‐Oxidative Ageing of HNBR in Oil Field Applications

The Effect of the Surface Area of Carbon Black Grades on HNBR in Harsh Environments

Study of hydrogen sulfide effect on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber for sealing application in oil and gas industry

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