Rapid gas chromatographic assay for progesterone metabolites in urine

Metcalf, Mary G.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(73)80040-2

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pregnanediol in urine was measured by gas chromatography using 150-180 cm columns (Metcalf, 1973) and creatinine by an autoanalyser technique with urine buffered to pH 2-3 (Chasson, Grady & Stanley, 1961). These parameters were used to distinguish ovulatory from anovulatory cycles (Metcalf, Evans & Mackenzie, 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotrophin excretion in fertile women: effect of age and the onset of the menopausal transition

Metcalf¹,

Livesey²

1985

Journal of Endocrinology

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In normal women the menopausal transition starts typically with a sudden break in regular menstrual cyclicity: gonadotrophin levels escape from the cyclical pattern characteristic of fertile women and increasingly rise into the postmenopausal range. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether this rise precedes the first appearance of ovarian dysfunction. Weekly urine samples for the measurement of FSH, LH and pregnanediol were collected from 100 women, all of whom had regular 20- to 35-day menstrual cycles (504 samples from 48 women aged 20-39 years and 620 samples from 52 women aged 40-48 years; 96.8% of these cycles were shown to be ovulatory). Excretion rates of FSH in excess of 5 i.u./24 h occurred more often in women aged greater than or equal to 40 years than in younger women (incidence, 31.5 cf. 19.5%; P less than 0.001). The difference was greatest at the time of the perimenstruum (7-day incidence, 32.5 cf. 13.9%) and declined to insignificance during the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge (7-day incidence, 44.2 cf. 34.8%). Examination of the rank correlation between age and gonadotrophin excretion confirmed the age-related rise in FSH and identified a lesser but significant perimenstrual rise in LH. For both FSH and LH these changes were small compared with the increases observed in nine women presumed to have reached the menopausal transition during the trial (incidence FSH greater than or equal to 5 i.u./24 h, 60.6%; incidence LH greater than or equal to 5 i.u./24 h, 48.6%). It is concluded that in fertile women there is evidence of an age-related rise in FSH which is distinct from the changes occurring at the start of the menopausal transition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotrophin excretion in fertile women: effect of age and the onset of the menopausal transition

Metcalf¹,

Livesey²

1985

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Total oestrogens in urine were measured fluorimetrically (Brown, MacLeod, Macnaughton et al 1968), and pregnanediol by gas chromatography using 150-180 cm columns (Metcalf, 1973). The 24-h excretion of each was estimated as previously described (Metcalf et al 1981 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual cycle and exposure to oestrogens unopposed by progesterone: relevance to studies on breast cancer incidence

Metcalf¹,

Mackenzie²

1985

Journal of Endocrinology

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It is claimed that the exposure of women to oestrogens unopposed by progesterone increases the risk of breast cancer. Despite indirect evidence in support of this claim, the impracticability of monitoring oestrogen and progesterone levels in large numbers of women for prolonged periods of time has meant that no direct demonstration of the effect has been made. A possible technique is suggested. The ratio (R) of oestrogens to pregnanediol in urine has been used as an index of oestrogen exposure relative to progesterone. Samples were collected at weekly intervals on 700 occasions from 30 perimenopausal women, and on 519 occasions from 66 women with a history of regular menstrual cyclicity. Unusually prolonged episodes of unopposed high oestrogen excretion (R greater than or equal to 100 for greater than or equal to 2 successive weeks) were observed on 30 occasions in 15 of the perimenopausal women and on four occasions in the other women. In the perimenopausal group, these episodes occurred in 46.9% of the 32 menstrual cycles which were longer than 50 days compared with 6.9% of the 72 cycles which were shorter than 35 days (P less than 0.001). The association of prolonged episodes of unopposed high oestrogen excretion with long menstrual cycles suggests the possibility of using menstrual cycle length as an index of oestrogen exposure during the menopausal transition.

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“…Urine for analysis was acidified with hydrochloric acid to pH 2-3, and stored at 4°C. Pregnanediol (5/?-pregnane-3a, 20cr-diol) was measured by gas chromatography using 15O-18O-cm columns (Metcalf, 1973). Creatinine was assayed by an autoanalyser technique (Chasson, Grady & Stanley, 1961).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was of interest therefore to examine ovulatory patterns in normal women before and during the perimenopause. The development of a simple technique for measuring pregnanediol in urine (Metcalf, 1973) together with the observation that luteal phase levels of pregnanediol can be distinguished from preovulatory levels in small samples of urine (Metcalf, 1976), meant that studies on large numbers of women for prolonged periods of time were practicable. This paper reports the relationship between age, the length of the menstrual cycle, and ovulation frequency in a group of women aged 40-55 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of ovulatory cycles in women approaching the menopause

Metcalf

1979

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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SummaryUrine was collected at weekly intervals at weekly intervals for three or more months from 139 menstruant women aged 40–55 years. Menstrual cycles were classed as ovulatory if the 24-hr pregnanediol output was > 5 μmol on a single occasion, or if the total excreted on 2 days 1 week apart was > 7 μmol. Of the 81 women who reported no change in menstrual frequency, 95% ovulated in every cycle. Only 34% of the 53 with a recent history of oligomenorrhoea ovulated without fail. Ovalation occurred in 93% of all 21–35-day menstrual cycles, in 55% of 36–50-day cycles, in 40% of 51–75-day cycles and in 17% of those lasting > 76 days. Pregnanediol increases suggestive of ovulation and followed by menstruation were observed on 31 occasions after amenorrhoea of from 2 to 6 months' duration.

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Rapid gas chromatographic assay for progesterone metabolites in urine

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Gonadotrophin excretion in fertile women: effect of age and the onset of the menopausal transition

Gonadotrophin excretion in fertile women: effect of age and the onset of the menopausal transition

Menstrual cycle and exposure to oestrogens unopposed by progesterone: relevance to studies on breast cancer incidence

Incidence of ovulatory cycles in women approaching the menopause

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