Rapid gamma oscillations in the inferior occipital gyrus in response to eyes

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

Background Eye tracking (ET) is a viable marker for the recognition of cognitive disorders. We assessed the accuracy and clinical value of ET for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients. Methods We searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception to March 2, 2021, as well as the reference lists of identified primary studies. We included articles written in English that investigated ET for cognitive disorder patients—Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia. Two independent researchers extracted the data and the characteristics of each study; We calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities. A hierarchical summary of receiver performance characteristics (HSROC) model was used to test the diagnostic accuracy of ET for cognitive impairment (CI). Findings 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative comprehensive analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 trials using Neuropsychological Cognitive Testing (NCT) as the reference standard. The comprehensive sensitivity and specificity of ET for detecting cognitive disorders were 0.75 (95% CI 0.72–0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.76), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 2.74 (95%CI 2.32–3.24) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) was 0.27 (95%CI 0.18–0.42). Conclusions This review showed that ET technology could be used to detect the decline in CI, clinical use of ET techniques in combination with other tools to assess CI can be encouraged.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of eye tracking in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

“…The duration of IXT was also found to be positively correlated with FC between the IOG and right V1, which indicated that as the disease progresses, the FC between the V1 and IOG becomes stronger. The IOG participates in the initial stages of visual processing ( 50 ). Previous studies have shown that through extensive practice of challenging visual tasks, brain plasticity can be induced in adults with amblyopia ( 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Functional Connectivity of the Primary Visual Cortex and the Correlation With Clinical Features in Patients With Intermittent Exotropia

Hong

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristic alterations of functional connectivity (FC) patterns in the primary visual area (V1) in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and how they relate to clinical features. Twenty-six IXT patients and 21 age-, sex-, handedness-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI. We performed FC analyses between bilateral V1 and other brain areas and compared FC strength between two groups. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the FC differences and clinical features. Compared with HCs, patients with IXT showed significantly lower FC of the right V1 with the right calcarine sulcus and right superior occipital gyrus, and the left V1 with right cuneus and right postcentral gyrus. The Newcastle Control Test score was positively correlated with mean FC values between the left inferior parietal lobule and bilateral V1, and between the left supramarginal gyrus and left V1. The duration of IXT was positively correlated with mean FC values between the right inferior occipital gyrus and right V1. Reduced FC between the V1 and various brain regions involved in vision and eye movement processes may be associated with the underlying neural mechanisms of impaired visual function in patients with IXT.

“…IOG is the most posterior brain region and one of core human neural systems for face perception, which is associated with initial stage of face processing, speci cally, the processing of facial features (40). And gamma oscillations of right IOG are related to the early stages of eye processing (41). The inferior occipital gyrus has been implicated as an important region for emotion regulation in mood disorders (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Visual Reproduction Negatively Correlates with Brain Entropy of Parahippocampal Gyrus and Inferior Occipital Gyrus in Bipolar II Disorder Adolescents

Gao

Cao

et al. 2023

Preprint

Background Brain entropy reveals complexity and irregularity of brain, and it has been proven to reflect brain complexity alteration in disease states. Previous studies found that bipolar disorder adolescents showed cognitive impairment. The relationship between complexity of brain neural activity and cognition of bipolar II disorder (BD-II) adolescents remains unclear. Methods Nineteen BD-II patients (14.63 ± 1.57 years old) and seventeen age-gender matched healthy controls (HCs) (14.18 ± 1.51 years old) were enlisted. Entropy values of all voxels of the brain in resting-state functional MRI data were calculated and differences of them between BD-II and HCs groups were evaluated. After that, correlation analyses were performed between entropy values of brain regions showing significant entropy differences and clinical indices in BD-II adolescents. Results Significant differences were found in scores of immediate visual reproduction subtest, trail making test and Stroop color-word test between the two groups. Compared with HCs, BD-II adolescents showed significant increased brain entropy in right parahippocampal gyrus and right inferior occipital gyrus. Besides, significant negative correlations between brain entropy values of right parahippocampal gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus and immediate visual reproduction subtest scores were observed in BD-II adolescents. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggested that the disrupted function of corticolimbic system is related with cognitive abnormality of BD-II adolescents. And from the perspective temporal dynamics of brain system, the current study, brain entropy may provide available evidences for understanding the underlying neural mechanism in BD-II adolescents