Rapid FTIR sensing of volcanic gases released by Strombolian explosions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu

Oppenheimer, Clive; Bani, Philipson; Calkins, Julie; Burton, Mike; Sawyer, G. M.

doi:10.1007/s00340-006-2353-4

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These measurements do not support the notion of gas accumulation beneath a shallow, viscous, degassed cap, as proposed by Johnson et al (2005), which would tend to lead to the accumulation of H 2 O-rich instead of CO 2 -rich vapor. Similarly, accumulation of deep-sourced vapor has been demonstrated to precede Strombolian events at Yasur Volcano (Oppenheimer et al, 2006) and at Etna Volcano, Italy; accumulation of CO 2 -rich vapor and foam collapse was proposed to drive lava fountaining (Allard et al, 2005).…”

Section: Implications Of the Chemical Composition Of Slugs And Bubblesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The method has proven useful for determining the concentration ratios of common volcanic gas species, such as H 2 O, CO 2 , SO 2 , HCl, HF, and CO (e.g., Allard et al, 2005;Oppenheimer et al, 2006) at a high temporal resolution. In this paper we present data that illustrate the complexity and range of vapor-melt segregation processes during effusive basaltic eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts

Edmonds

Gerlach

2007

Geol

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Section: Implications Of the Chemical Composition Of Slugs And Bubblesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts

Edmonds

Gerlach

2007

Geol

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“…This lack of information is due to from the inherent analytical complexity of resolving the volcanic CO 2 isotopic signature from the overwhelming atmospheric CO 2 signal (Gagliardi et al 2002). Thus, whilst CO 2 concentrations in volcanic plumes are increasingly investigated thanks to the advent of modern IR (infrared) spectroscopic methods (Allard et al 1991a(Allard et al , 1994Gerlach et al 1997Gerlach et al , 1998Gerlach et al , 2002Burton et al 2000;Goff et al 2001;Wardell et al 2001Wardell et al , 2004Aiuppa et al 2006Aiuppa et al , 2007Aiuppa et al , 2008Oppenheimer et al 2006;Hager et al 2008), there are no isotopic constraints on the origin of such gas emissions, which prevents us from more in depth characterisation of CO 2 exchanges among the different geochemical reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

First 13C/12C isotopic characterisation of volcanic plume CO2

et al. 2010

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We describe analytical details and uncertainty evaluation of a simple technique for the measurement of the carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 in volcanic plumes. Data collected at Solfatara and Vulcano, where plumes are fed by fumaroles which are accessible for direct sampling, were first used to validate the technique. For both volcanoes, the plume-derived carbon isotopic compositions are in good agreement with the fumarolic compositions, thus providing confidence on the method, and allowing its application at volcanoes where the volcanic component is inaccessible to direct sampling. As a notable example, we applied the same method to Mount Etna where we derived a 0.27‰ (Bocca Nuova and Voragine craters). The comparison of our measurements to data reported in previous work values of Etna CO 2 from~−4‰, in the 1970's and the 1980's, to~−1‰ at the present time (2009). This shift toward more positive δ 13 C values matches a concurrent change in magma composition and an increase in the eruption frequency and energy. We discuss such variations in terms of two possible processes: magma carbonate assimilation and carbon isotopic fractionation due to magma degassing along the Etna plumbing system. Finally, our results highlight potential of systematic measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of the CO 2 emitted by volcanic plumes for a better understanding of volcanic processes and for improved surveillance of volcanic activity.

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“…Errors are mainly due to a high background concentration (in the case of H 2 O and CO 2 ), spectral interference between species and changes in temperature of the volcanic gases. Details of the retrieval technique are given elsewhere (Allard et al 2005;Oppenheimer et al 2006) and the methodology is reviewed by Oppenheimer & McGonigle (2004) and summarized in figure 1.…”

Section: Geochemical Measurements Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New geochemical insights into volcanic degassing

Edmonds

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

108

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Magma degassing plays a fundamental role in controlling the style of volcanic eruptions. Whether a volcanic eruption is explosive, or effusive, is of crucial importance to approximately 500 million people living in the shadow of hazardous volcanoes worldwide. Studies of how gases exsolve and separate from magma prior to and during eruptions have been given new impetus by the emergence of more accurate and automated methods to measure volatile species both as volcanic gases and dissolved in the glasses of erupted products. The composition of volcanic gases is dependent on a number of factors, the most important being magma composition and the depth of gas-melt segregation prior to eruption; this latter parameter has proved difficult to constrain in the past, yet is arguably the most critical for controlling eruptive style. Spectroscopic techniques operating in the infrared have proved to be of great value in measuring the composition of gases at high temporal resolution. Such methods, when used in tandem with microanalytical geochemical investigations of erupted products, are leading to better constraints on the depth at which gases are generated and separated from magma. A number of recent studies have focused on transitions between explosive and effusive activity and have led to a better understanding of gas-melt segregation at basaltic volcanoes. Other studies have focused on degassing during intermediate and silicic eruptions. Important new results include the recognition of fluxing by deep-derived gases, which buffer the amount of dissolved volatiles in the melt at shallow depths, and the observation of gas flow up permeable conduit wall shear zones, which may be the primary mechanism for gas loss at the cusp of the most explosive and unpredictable volcanic eruptions. In this paper, I review current and future directions in the field of geochemical studies of volcanic degassing processes and illustrate how the new insights are beginning to change the way in which we understand and classify volcanic eruptions.

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Rapid FTIR sensing of volcanic gases released by Strombolian explosions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu

Cited by 90 publications

References 40 publications

Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts

Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts

First 13C/12C isotopic characterisation of volcanic plume CO2

New geochemical insights into volcanic degassing

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