Rapid field assessment of antifouling and foul‐release coatings

Rittschof, Daniel; Clare, Anthony S.; Gerhart, Donald J.; Bonaventura, J.; Smith, Celia M.; Hadfield, Michael G.

doi:10.1080/08927019209386221

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such information is extremely important for the design of novel anti-fouling materials that utilize surface chemistry (e.g. wettability) to achieve effective antifouling properties (Alberte et al, 1992;Rittschof et al, 1992). The present study suggests that not only bulk chemical properties, but also molecular topography, are important in determining antifouling properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b

Wiencek

Fletcher

1997

Biofouling

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Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constructed from alkanethiols, whose surface composition and wettability can be rigorously characterized, were used to investigate bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Mixtures of methyl-terminated and hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiols were used to produce a series of SAMs with different wettabilities for water and hexadecane. Also, mixtures of 11-carbon and 18-carbon SAMs were used to determine the influence of molecular topography on bacterial adhesion and surface wettability. In particular, attachment to mixed chain-length SAMs in which hydroxyl-terminated, 11-carbon alkanethiols were mixed with methyl-terminated, 18-carbon alkanethiols was evaluated, to determine whether masking of the polar hydroxyl groups by the longer alkane chains affected bacterial attachment to these surfaces. Substratum wettability was evaluated by measuring the contact angles of water and hexadecane. The kinetics of attachment of an estuarine pseudomonad (MI-1A) to these surfaces in a laminar flow chamber were measured over periods of 120 min. The numbers of cells attached after 120 min and the percentages of attached cells that adsorbed or desorbed between successive measurements were quantified by phase-contrast microscopy and digital image processing. SAMs exhibited various substratum compositions and wettabilities, ranging from hydrophilic (contact angle of water 10°), hydroxyl-terminated monolayers to hydrophobic (contact angle of water > 100°), methyl-terminated monolayers. With both types of mixedSAMs, the greatest numbers of attached cells occurred on hydrophobic surfaces (~4.5 x 10 4 cells mm -2 ). In addition, the desorption of cells between successive measurements (ca 2 min) decreased with increasing substratum hydrophobicity. The relationship between substratum wettability and adhesion was also influenced by substratum topography. There were greater numbers a Contribution 300 of the Center of Marine Biotechnology b Presented, in part, 293 Downloaded by [RMIT University] at 01:45 16 September 2013 294 K M WIENCEK AND M FLETCHERof attached cells and less desorption with the SAMs composed of nonpolar polymethylene chains overlying a plane of hydroxyl groups than with SAMs composed of hydroxyl-and methyl-terminated alkanethiols with equal chain-lengths. This study indicates that not only bulk surface chemistry, but also molecular topography, influence bacterial adhesion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b

Wiencek

Fletcher

1997

Biofouling

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“…However, there is no evidence to date that these assays provide results reproducible in ecologically realistic field experiments. Comparison of ecotoxicological responses obtained in the laboratory with settlement rates observed in field experiments has been analysed previously [34][35][36][37]. Rittschof [34] compared settlement inhibition and toxicity data obtained with B. amphitrite larvae to define the antifouling mechanism of some substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of ecotoxicological responses obtained in the laboratory with settlement rates observed in field experiments has been analysed previously [34][35][36][37]. Rittschof [34] compared settlement inhibition and toxicity data obtained with B. amphitrite larvae to define the antifouling mechanism of some substances. Also Löschau and Krätke [35] showed how antifouling effects may be related to the toxicity of released products on B. amphitrite larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological response ofAmphibalanus amphitritelarvae as an indirect evaluation of antifouling paints’ efficacy

Piazza

Corrà

Garaventa

et al. 2011

Chemistry and Ecology

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The evaluation of new antifouling paints is usually performed through long and expensive field tests (raft-tests), often depending on the season of exposure. Particularly in the Mediterranean Sea, these tests are representative only if carried out during spring or summer. Therefore, it is strategically important to develop laboratory methods that are able to test and select, during winter, the best formulations to submit to raft-test during the summer. For this reason, an acute toxicity bioassay using larvae (Stage II nauplii) of Amphibalanus amphitrite on paint leaching products obtained with an accelerated ageing system was tested as a tool for the indirect evaluation of antifouling efficacy. Seven experimental paint formulations were selected on the basis of previous obtained field efficacy performances, and were subjected to both laboratory bioassays and to a 12-month raft-test. The data show how paint behaviour (expressed as fouling coverage percentage) after 12 months of immersion in the field could be predicted by the results of laboratory bioassays, expressed as immobilisation percentage of larvae exposed for 48 h to leaching products of artificially aged paints.

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“…The new approach is not to avoid settlement, but to utilize non-polluting and long-lasting foul-release silicone elastomers, from which settled organisms could be easily removed by periodic cleaning operations. Preliminary results (Rittschof et al, 1992;Swain et al, 1992) suggested silicone technologies as acceptable, environmentally safe AF systems that could offer an alternative to the toxic approach. Terlizzi et al (2000) observed that silicon-treated surfaces modify the pattern of evolution of fouling communities, concluding that, with improvements with respect to technical aspects such as delamination, abrasion and costs in painting surfaces, silicon technologies could represent an alternative to the use of biocides in AF paints.…”

Section: New Approaches For Af Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of antifouling technologies: state of the art and perspectives

Terlizzi

Fraschetti

Gianguzza

et al. 2001

Aquatic Conservation

119

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ABSTRACT1. Marine fouling affects most man-made surfaces temporarily or permanently immersed in the sea, resulting in significant (or substantial) economic costs. Intense research is aimed at preventing or reducing fouling.2. The most widespread solution to avoid fouling formation is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers, coating them with antifouling (AF) paints containing toxic compounds. Most AF agents (e.g. tributyltin, (TBT)) have undesirable effects on non-target species, including commercially important organisms.3. To date, the use of TBT in AF paints has been restricted (but not prohibited) in a number of countries and new biocides are in use.4. The environmental problems posed to marine systems by AF technologies are here briefly reviewed.5. New approaches focusing on alternatives to the use of biocidal AF paints are also considered and discussed. THE PROBLEM OF FOULING AND ITS PREVENTIONThe organisms that settle on man-made surfaces are known as fouling. They come from the water column as propagules searching for a hard substrate to complete their life-cycle. The development of fouling begins as soon as a suitable substrate is immersed in the sea. Surfaces are immediately conditioned by organic molecules, a prerequisite for the settlement of microfouling, including bacteria, fungi and protozoans. The development of fouling communities proceeds with the establishment of macrofoulers such as macroalgae,

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Rapid field assessment of antifouling and foul‐release coatings

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b

Toxicological response ofAmphibalanus amphitritelarvae as an indirect evaluation of antifouling paints’ efficacy

Environmental impact of antifouling technologies: state of the art and perspectives

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Rapid field assessment of antifouling and foul‐release coatings

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrataab

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrataab

Toxicological response ofAmphibalanus amphitritelarvae as an indirect evaluation of antifouling paints’ efficacy

Environmental impact of antifouling technologies: state of the art and perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b

Effects of substratum wettability and molecular topography on the initial adhesion of bacteria to chemically defined substrata^a^b