Rapid expansion of meso-megathermal rain forests into the southern high latitudes at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Huurdeman, Emiel P; Frieling, Joost; Reichgelt, Tammo; Bijl, Peter K.; Bohaty, Steven M; Holdgate, G. R.; Gallagher, Stephen; Peterse, Francien; Greenwood, David R.; Pross, Joerg

doi:10.1130/g47343.1

Cited by 32 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The increased relative abundance of tropical to subtropical Arecaceae (palm) and tropical Nypa (mangrove palm) pollen at southern high‐paleolatitude sites also indicates a temperature increase (Table ; Baker & Couvreur, 2013; Eiserhardt et al., 2011; Reichgelt et al., 2018; Theerawitaya et al., 2014). The concurrent decline in Podocarpaceae (podocarp) pollen (Contreras et al., 2014; Huurdeman et al., 2021), common in cool‐temperate climates during the Paleogene (Hill & Gibson, 1986; Macphail, 1999), indicates a temperature increase during the PETM. In sum, palynofloral change at both northern and southern high paleolatitude sites suggests climate became warmer and wetter from the pre‐PETM to PETM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Korasidis

Wing

Shields

et al. 2022

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Most studies of the response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) have focused on individual sites and sections. To get a broader perspective we compiled published records of terrestrial pollen and spores across the Paleocene‐Eocene transition at 38 sites around the globe. For the 10 sites with quantitative data PETM palynofloras were largely distinct in composition from those in the latest Paleocene or post‐PETM early Eocene. We also inferred paleoclimatic conditions at each site from the distributions of nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossil pollen taxa among present‐day Köppen climate types. The NLRs of Paleocene high‐paleolatitude palynotaxa are most diverse in cooler climates, whereas the NLRs of PETM taxa are more diverse in warmer, wetter climates. At middle‐paleolatitudes NLRs of Paleocene palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, wet climates, whereas NLRs of PETM palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, seasonally dry climates. In the tropics there is little change from Paleocene to PETM in the climate distributions of NLRs. We compared changes in paleoclimate reconstructed from the Köppen distributions of the NLRs with those simulated from the Community Earth System Model (version CESM1.2). Paleoclimatic changes during the PETM inferred from palynological proxies are mostly consistent with modeled climate changes, including the expansion of temperate climates at the expense of cold climate types at high‐paleolatitudes and the expansion of temperate and tropical climates in middle‐paleolatitudes. Despite this concordance, modeled winter temperatures in continental interiors and high‐paleolatitudes remain colder than those reconstructed from NLR distributions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Korasidis

Wing

Shields

et al. 2022

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…The application of clumped isotope paleothermometry has great potential to partially alleviate such concerns, as evident from work on Seymour Island (Douglas et al, 2014). Pollen-based vegetation reconstructions from New Zealand, the Tasman region and Wilkes Land (Carpenter et al, 2012;Contreras et al, 2013;2014;Huurdeman et al, 2020;Pross et al, 2012), however, confirm warm conditions, and arguably deliver the best constraints on winter temperatures. This is because of fundamental physiological restrictions in their individual tolerances (e.g., Reichgelt et al, 2018), whereas mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reconstructions from pollen assemblages are complicated because MAAT exerts much less control on the standing vegetation than seasonal temperature and hydrological extremes.…”

Section: The Paleogene Southwest Pacific Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) The duration of PETM (~150-250 kyrs; Röhl et al, 2007, Zeebe & Lourens, 2019 and MECO (~400 kyrs; Bohaty et al, 2009) is too long to explain the absence in MAAT warming with a lag in soil-derived OM delivery to the ocean (up to several kyr, see, e.g., Feng et al, 2013;Schefuß et al, 2016;Huurdeman et al, 2020); (4) seems incompatible with the fact that other low-amplitude, shorter-term SST changes are reflected in the MAAT record ( Fig. 9c, d), which suggests that soil-derived OM did capture short-term climate variability on the time resolution of the samples; (5) Other PETM records in the region do show a temperature response in the PETM in various proxies including brGDGTs (Hollis et al, 2012;Pancost et al, 2013.…”

Section: Age (Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CC BY 4.0 License. Amazon Fan(Zell et al, 2014)), Paleogene lignites (Cobham, Schoeningen, India and Otaio(Naafs et al, 2018b)) and Paleogene marine sediments (Arctic Ocean, IODP Arctic Coring Expedition ACEX(Willard et al, 2019), Otway Basin, Australia(Huurdeman et al, 2020), Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, Harrel core(Sluijs et al, 2014), New Zealand(Pancost et al, 2013) and Antarctic Margin IODP Site U1356(Bijl et al, 2013a)). Data from ODP Site 1172 in black crosses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Maastrichtian-Rupelian paleoclimates in the southwest Pacific – a critical evaluation of biomarker paleothermometry and dinoflagellate cyst paleoecology at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1172

Bijl¹,

Frieling²,

Cramwinckel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions based on isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (isoGDGT) distributions from the Eocene southwest (sw) Pacific Ocean are unequivocally warmer than can be reconciled with state-of-the-art fully coupled climate models. However, the SST signal preserved in sedimentary archives can be affected by contributions of additional isoGDGT sources. Methods now exist to identify and possibly correct for overprinting effects on the isoGDGT distribution in marine sediments. We here use the current proxy insights to assess the reliability of the isoGDGT-based SST signal in 69 newly analysed and 242 re-analysed sediments ODP Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau, Australia) following state-of-the-art chromatographic techniques, in context of paleo-environmental and paleoclimatologic reconstructions based on dinoflagellate cysts. The resulting ~130 kyr-resolution Maastrichtian-Oligocene TEX86-based SST record confirms previous conclusions of anomalous warmth in the early Eocene sw Pacific and remarkably cool conditions during the mid-Paleocene. Dinocyst diversity and assemblages show a strong response to the local SST evolution, supporting the robustness of the TEX86 record. Soil-derived branched GDGTs stored in the same sediments are used to reconstruct mean annual air temperature (MAAT) of the nearby land using the MBT'5me proxy. MAAT is consistently lower than SST during the early Eocene, independent of the calibration chosen. General trends in SST and MAAT are similar, except for: 1) an enigmatic absence of MAAT rise during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, and 2) a subdued middle–late Eocene MAAT cooling relative to SST. Both dinocysts and GDGT signals suggest a mid-shelf depositional environment with strong river-runoff during the Paleocene-early Eocene, progressively becoming more marine thereafter. This trend reflects gradual drying and more pronounced wet/dry seasons in the northward drifting Australian hinterland, which may also explain the subdued middle Eocene MAAT cooling relative to that of SST. The overall correlation between dinocyst assemblages, marine biodiversity and SST changes suggests that temperature exerted a strong influence on the surface-water ecosystem, probably in part through sea level changes caused by steric effects. Finally, we find support for a potential temperature control on compositional changes of branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs) in marine sediments. It is encouraging that a critical evaluation of the GDGT signals confirms the vast majority of the generated data is reliable. However, this also implies the high TEX86-based SSTs for the Eocene sw Pacific, and the systematic offset between absolute TEX86-based SST and MBT'5me-based MAAT estimates remain unexplained.

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“…一是 PETM 时期高浓度的大气 CO2 对植物的施肥效应, 导致初级生产力增加的同时提高光合作用产物的 C/N 比值, 增加土壤有机质的抗降解能力, 最终促使陆地生物圈和土壤碳储量的增加 [81] . 二是 PETM 时期高低纬度温度梯度减小 [82] , 导致气候带向两极移动, 热带植被和湿地向高纬扩张 [83] , 增加陆地生物圈的碳储量. 根据模式计算, 在综合考虑 CO2 的施肥效应和陆生植被的扩张条件下, PETM 时期陆地生物圈的固碳潜力可达 1210…”

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Carbon-cycle dynamics during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Chen¹

2021

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Rapid expansion of meso-megathermal rain forests into the southern high latitudes at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Maastrichtian-Rupelian paleoclimates in the southwest Pacific – a critical evaluation of biomarker paleothermometry and dinoflagellate cyst paleoecology at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1172

Carbon-cycle dynamics during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

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