Rapid Evolution of Competitive Ability in Larval Mixtures of the Housefly

Bryant, Edwin H.; Turner, Carl R.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00183.x

Evolution

1972

DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00183.x

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Rapid Evolution of Competitive Ability in Larval Mixtures of the Housefly

Edwin H. Bryant

Carl R. Turner

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1972

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Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

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Changes in fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in response to selection for competitive ability

Aiken

Gibo

1979

Oecologia

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1. Equal numbers of the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were allowed to compete in population cages. Two sets of 5 cages each-A & B-took 20 and 26 weeks respectively until D. simulans comprised less than 15% of the population for 2 successive generations. 2. At the beginning of each cage set, the fecundity of stock females of each species in the presence of con-& heterospecific females, con- and heterospecific larvae, distilled water and a water soluble extract from larvainfested media were determined. Fecundities of daughters of the last generation to be in competition were tested under the same conditions. 3. In all conditions, D. melanogaster stock females had a higher fecundity than D. simulans females at the beginning of each cage set. After competition, the fecundity of both species changes (generally increased) although that of D. simulans increased to a greater degree. 4. In test of the water-soluble extract of previously used media, females of both species showed decreased fecundity. This indicates that females can determine whether a food source has been used by larvae even when no larvae are immediately observable.

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Changes in fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in response to selection for competitive ability

Aiken

Gibo

1979

Oecologia

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The effect of genetic background on the fitness of diazinon resistance genotypes of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

1982

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SUMMARYLaboratory and field experimentation has shown that resistant and susceptible diazinon genotypes of flies collected from the field may have similar fitness in an environment free of diazinon. If the genetic background of resistant genotypes from the field is disrupted, the fitness of the resistant genotype declines. These results, in conjunction with previous data, indicate a modification of the genetic background in field populations following the spread of the resistance allele some ten years earlier. It is suggested that this outcome is dependent on the availability of genetic variability, the intensity of selection and the duration of insecticide usage after resistance develops.

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Rapid evolution of life‐history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: A meta‐analysis

Grainger

Levine

2021

Ecology Letters

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Although studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms can evolve rapidly, we lack a systematic assessment of the frequency, magnitude and direction of rapid evolutionary change across taxa. To address this gap, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 58 studies that document the effects of warming, predation or competition on the evolution of body size, development rate or fecundity in natural or experimental animal populations. We tested whether there was a consistent effect of any selective agent on any trait, whether the direction of these effects align with theoretical predictions, and whether the three agents select in opposing directions on any trait. Overall, we found weak effects of all three selective agents on trait evolution: none of our nine traits by selective agent combinations had an overall effect that differed from zero, only 31% of studies had a significant within‐study effect, and attributes of the included studies generally did not account for between‐study variation in results. One notable exception was that predation targeting adults consistently resulted in the evolution of smaller prey body size. We discuss potential causes of these generally weak responses and consider how our results inform the ongoing development of eco‐evolutionary research.

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Rapid Evolution of Competitive Ability in Larval Mixtures of the Housefly

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Changes in fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in response to selection for competitive ability

Changes in fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in response to selection for competitive ability

The effect of genetic background on the fitness of diazinon resistance genotypes of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

Rapid evolution of life‐history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: A meta‐analysis

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