Rapid epidemic expansion of chikungunya virus-ECSA lineage in Paraguay

Giovanetti, Marta; Vázquez, Cynthia; Lima, Maurício; Castro, Emerson; Rojas, Analia; Fuente, Andrea Gómez de la; Aquino, Carolina Lessa; Cantero, Cesar; Fleitas, Fatima; Torales, Juan; Barrios, Julio César Quiroz; Ortega, María José Cilleruelo; Gamarra, María Liz; Villalba, Shirley; Alfonzo, Tania; Xavier, Joilson; Adelino, Talita; Fritsch, Hegger; Iani, Felipe Campos de Melo; Pereira, Glauco de Carvalho; Oliveira, Carla de; Schuab, Gabriel; Rodrigues, Evandra Strazza; Kashima, Simone; Leite, Juliana Almeida; Gresh, Lionel; Franco, Leticia; Tegally, Houriiyah; Voorhis, Wes Van; Lessels, Richard; Filippis, Ana María Bispo de; Ojeda, A; Sequera, Guillermo; Montoya, Romeo; Holmes, Edward C.; Oliveira, Túlio de; Rico, Jairo Mendez; Lourenço, José; Fonseca, Vagner; Alcântara, Luiz Carlos Júnior

doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.23288635

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…A similar but independent cluster in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, was separated by more than 30 years of evolution before it emerged in 2011. A similar scenario occurred when the pathogen was introduced to Brazil via Western Africa or the USA after circa 30 years of unaccounted evolution, which later led to a significant and sustained outbreak in South America [49]. The Southeast Asian region in particular, including India, emerged as a major inter-regional transmission hub, facilitating the spread of CHIKV to other regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage

Krambrich,

Mihalič,

Gaunt

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In 2018–2019, Thailand experienced a nationwide spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with approximately 15,000 confirmed cases of disease reported. Here, we investigated the evolutionary and molecular history of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype to determine the origins of the 2018–2019 CHIKV outbreak in Thailand. This was done using newly sequenced clinical samples from travellers returning to Sweden from Thailand in late 2018 and early 2019 and previously published genome sequences. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that before the outbreak in Thailand, the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) found within the ESCA, had evolved and circulated in East Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for about 15 years. In the first half of 2017, an introduction occurred into Thailand from another South Asian country, most likely Bangladesh, which subsequently developed into a large outbreak in Thailand with export to neighbouring countries. Based on comparative phylogenetic analyses of the complete CHIKV genome and protein modelling, we also identified amino acid substitutions that may be associated with immune evasion, increased spread, and virulence. We identified several mutations in the E1/E2 spike complex, such as E1 K211E and E2 V264A, which are highly relevant as they may lead to changes in vector competence, transmission efficiency and pathogenicity of the virus. A number of mutations (E2 G205S, Nsp3 D372E, Nsp2 V793A), that emerged shortly before the outbreak of the virus in Thailand in 2018 may have altered antibody binding and recognition due to their position. This study not only improves our understanding of the factors contributing to the epidemic in Southeast Asia, but also has implications for the development of effective response strategies and the potential development of new vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage

Krambrich,

Mihalič,

Gaunt

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Genetic variation among emerging CHIKV strains may influence vector competence, viral fitness, and adaptation to varied settings, as was evident in the 2005-2006 Réunion Island outbreak with the acquisition of the E1:A226V mutation [81]. Initially, the Réunion strains had E1:226A and E1:226V later in the outbreak [37,92]. Independent convergent evolution led to the emergence of the E1:A226V amino acid substitution resulting in higher vector competence in Ae.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity and Transmission Dynamics In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Transmission Dynamics of the Chikungunya Virus in Africa

Ramphal,

Tegally,

San

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a significant global public health concern, especially in Africa. Since its first isolation in Tanzania in 1953, CHIKV has caused recurrent outbreaks, challenging healthcare systems in low-resource settings. Recent outbreaks in Africa highlight the dynamic nature of CHIKV transmission and the challenges of underreporting and underdiagnosis. Here, we review literature and analyze publicly available cases, outbreaks, and genomic data providing insights into the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics of CHIKV in Africa. Our analyses reveal the circulation of geographically distinct CHIKV genotypes, with certain regions experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease. Phylogenetic analysis of sporadic outbreaks in West Africa suggests repeated emergence of the virus through enzootic spillover, which is markedly different from inferred transmission dynamics in East Africa, where the virus is often introduced from Asian outbreaks, including the recent reintroduction of the Indian Ocean lineage from the Indian subcontinent to east Africa. Furthermore, there is limited evidence of viral movement between these two regions. Understanding the history and transmission dynamics of outbreaks is crucial for public health planning. Despite advances in surveillance and research, diagnostic and surveillance challenges persist. This review and secondary analysis highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance, research, and collaboration to mitigate the burden of CHIKV in Africa and improve public health outcomes.

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“…Indeed, the number of outbreaks of CHIKV has increased dramatically in recent years, especially in the South American region. Currently, Brazil has the highest number of chikungunya cases across the entire region [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently two confirmed CHIKV lineages circulating in Brazil: the Asian lineage and the African ECSA lineage, both introduced in 2014 [9,24–26]. Nonetheless, it appears that the ECSA lineage is the primary genotype currently in circulation in the country [10,23,26–28]. Although the epidemiology of CHIKV depends on several complex factors, including host and viral factors, vector factors such as intrinsic infection ability and transmission efficiency play an important role in the dynamics and establishment of different lineages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacity of BrazilianAedes aegyptipopulations to transmit a locally circulating lineage of Chikungunya virus

de Freitas,

Rezende,

de Mendonça

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The global incidence of chikungunya has surged in recent decades, with South America, particularly Brazil, experiencing devastating outbreaks. The primary vector for transmitting CHIKV in urban areas is the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, which is very abundant in Brazil. However, little is known about the impact of locally circulating CHIKV genotypes and specific combinations of mosquito populations on vector competence. In this study, we analyzed and compared the infectivity and transmissibility of a recently isolated CHIKV-ECSA lineage from Brazil among four Ae. aegypti populations collected from different regions of the country. When exposed to CHIKV-infected mice for blood feeding, all mosquito populations showed high infection rates and dissemination efficiency. Moreover, using a mouse model to assess transmission rates in a manner that better mirrors natural cycles, we observed that these populations exhibit highly efficient transmission rates of CHIKV-ECSA. Our findings underscore the robust capability of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to transmit the locally circulating CHIKV-ECSA lineage, potentially explaining its higher prevalence compared to the Asian lineage also introduced in Brazil.

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Rapid epidemic expansion of chikungunya virus-ECSA lineage in Paraguay

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage

The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage

Understanding the Transmission Dynamics of the Chikungunya Virus in Africa

High capacity of BrazilianAedes aegyptipopulations to transmit a locally circulating lineage of Chikungunya virus

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