Rapid Emergence of Novel GII.4 Sub-Lineages Noroviruses Associated with Outbreaks in Huzhou, China, 2008–2012

Ji, Lei; Wu, Xiaofang; Yao, Wenting; Chen, Liping; Xu, Deshun; Shen, Yanbin; Shen, Jiayu; Han, Jae-Ik

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082627

Cited by 10 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The circulation peak occurred during the winter–spring seasons. The circulating genotypes found in the present study differ from results obtained previously, in which GII.4 was the dominant circulating genotype, with other genotypes being detected at low frequencies [ 8 ]. Following the emergence of GII.17 in October 2014, it steadily replaced the previous circulating GII.4 Sydney2012 strain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…PCR of the ORF1/ORF2 junction region confirmed the recombination of these strains. Among them, recombinants GII.Pe/GII.4, GII.P7/GII.6, and GI.Pb/GI.6 have been reported previously [ 8 ]. Recombinants GII.P13/GII.17 and GII.P12/GII.4 were newly detected in China (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GII.4 NoV has been circulating in the Huzhou area since 2008, when monitoring of NoV was initiated. Since that time, at least three variants have been identified: 2006b, New Orleans 2009, and Sydney 2012 [ 8 ]. GII.4 2006b variants were detected in 2008 and 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Huzhou area, the GII.4 Sydney-2012 variant was first identified in November 2012, and became the predominant GII.4 variant soon thereafter. This variant caused several outbreaks in the Huzhou area between 2012 and 2014 [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These variants seem to have greater epidemiological fitness than other genotypes. Since 2008, at least three GII.4 variants have been circulating in the Huzhou area, China [ 8 ]. From early 2008 to late 2014, almost all outbreaks and the majority of sporadic cases in Huzhou were caused by GII.4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and predominance of norovirus GII.17 in Huzhou, China, 2014–2015

Han

Shen

et al. 2015

Virol J

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BackgroundNorovirus (NoV) has been recognized as the leading cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults worldwide. Stool samples collected from outpatients with clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups at the First People’s Hospital in Huzhou, Huzhou, China between March 2014 and February 2015 were analyzed to gain insight into the epidemiology and genetic variation in NoV strains circulating in China.MethodReal-time RT-PCR (qPCR) was performed for Norovirus detection. RT-PCR were used for genomic amplification and sequencing. Genogroup and genotype were assigned using the NoV Noronet typing tool and the strains were named according to the time of isolation. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA 5.ResultsOf the 809 specimens, 193 (23.9 %) were positive for NoV, with GII.4 and GII.17 the most commonly identified strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of five recombinant strains in Huzhou. Recombinants GII.P13/GII.17 and GII.P12/GII.4 were newly detected in China. The GII.P13/GII.17 recombinant was first identified in October 2014 and steadily replaced GII.Pe/GII.4 (GII.4 Sydney 2012) as the predominant circulating NoV genotype.ConclusionThis is the first report of the detection of GII.17 in the Huzhou area and of a NoV genotype being detected in greater numbers than GII.4. Furthermore, our results indicated that following the emergence of GII.17 in October 2014, it steadily replaced the previous circulating GII.4 Sydney2012 strain, which was the dominant circulating genotype for the past 2 years. As norovirus are the important cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis, continuous and comprehensive study of the norovirus strains involved in large and cost-effective acute gastroenteritis would help understanding the molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections and development of improved prevention and control measures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and predominance of norovirus GII.17 in Huzhou, China, 2014–2015

Han

Shen

et al. 2015

Virol J

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Molecular epidemiology and changes in genotype diversity of norovirus infections in acute gastroenteritis patients in Huzhou, China, 2018

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting people of all ages. Stool samples collected from patients with clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups at the diarrhea outpatient department of the First People's Hospital in Huzhou were analyzed to gain insight into the prevalence and genetic characteristics of norovirus. From January to December 2018, a total of 551 specimens were screened for norovirus by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). RT‐PCR was used for genomic amplification and sequencing of the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and capsid gene of the positive samples. Genotypes of norovirus were assigned using the norovirus Noronet typing tool and phylogenetic analysis. About 100 (18.1%) specimens were identified as norovirus positive. GII genogroup was the main genogroup identified (83.0%; 83/100). About 42 (42.0%) samples were successfully sequenced and genotyped by RT‐PCR. Since one of the samples was dual infection, so we got 43 virus finally. Nine norovirus GII genotypes and four norovirus GI genotypes were detected in Huzhou during our research period. The main two norovirus GII genotypes were GII.2[P16] (54.8%; 23/43) and GII.17[P17] (11.9%; 5/43). We characterized the molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection in acute gastroenteritis patients during 2018. GII genogroup was the main genogroup identified. The dominance norovirus genotype circulating in the population of Huzhou was GII.2[P16] in 2018.

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Nearly complete genome sequence of one GII.17 Norovirus identified by direct sequencing from HuZhou, China

Chen

et al. 2018

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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BackgroundHuman norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, in vitro culture system is complicated for human norovirus. Sequence analysis became more useful for norovirus research, particularly when using complete genomic sequences.MethodsReal‐time RT‐PCR (qPCR) was performed for norovirus detection. Three modified paris of PCR primes were designed based on the alignment of the novel GII.17 norovirus complete sequence available in Genbank., which could amplify three overlapping fragments cover the whole genome. The PCR fragments were sequencing by Sanger sequence with Primer walking methods. Genogroup and genotype were assigned using the Norovirus Noronet typing tool and the strains were named according to the time of isolation. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA software (ver. 6.06).ResultsOne nearly complete genome sequence were obtained from sample collected from Huzhou, China. The partial genome sequence of the HuzhouNS2014603 strain is composed of 7556 nucleotides (nt).The strain was classified as GII.17 genotype both in ORF1 and ORF2, and was most closely related to the LC037415.1/Hu/GII.17/Kawasaki308 strain. Within the GII.17 cluster, the 2013/14 season strains were grouped separately from the GII.17 strains detected in 2014/15. HuzhouNS2014603 was clustered with the 2014/15 season strains. Compared with other strains selected, there are 98 variable residues across the VP1 domain. Among the 98 variable amino acids, 13 (13.3%) were observed in the shell domain and 22 (22.4%) in the P1domain; most of the substitutions and insertions were located in the P2 domain, account for 63 (64.3%).ConclusionsThis is the first report of the nearly complete genome of the novel GII.17 by direct sequencing method in the Huzhou area. The results of this study could be helpful for the study of the genetic evolution of the virus, the development of rapid diagnostic reagents and the design of vaccine.

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Rapid Emergence of Novel GII.4 Sub-Lineages Noroviruses Associated with Outbreaks in Huzhou, China, 2008–2012

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Emergence and predominance of norovirus GII.17 in Huzhou, China, 2014–2015

Emergence and predominance of norovirus GII.17 in Huzhou, China, 2014–2015

Molecular epidemiology and changes in genotype diversity of norovirus infections in acute gastroenteritis patients in Huzhou, China, 2018

Nearly complete genome sequence of one GII.17 Norovirus identified by direct sequencing from HuZhou, China

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