Rapid electrothermal response and excellent flame retardancy of ethylene‐vinyl acetate electrothermal film

Abstract

In this study, high electrical conductivity and flame retardant electrothermal ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) films were fabricated by using carbon nanotubeswrapped ammonium polyphosphate (CAPP) and conductive carbon black (CCB).CAPP was used as a synergistic conductive filler and flame retardant to improve the electrical conductivity and fire safety of the electrothermal film at the same time. Besides, the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR) of EVA-5 decreased about 81.5% and 57.3% compared with those of pure EVA film, respectively. Moreover, by incorporating a small amount of CAPP, EVA-5 can reach up to V-0 rating with an limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31%. EVA film fabricated by CCB and CAPP as conductive material exhibited almost 10 times increment on electrical conductivity than that of same content for CCB alone.And time vs temperature profiles of EVA-5 showed a stable trend over 3600 seconds without any offset at a given applied voltage of 15 V. Moreover, its excellent cycle heating performance indicated that the electrothermal film can be recycled, which meets the requirements of sustainable development. In a word, this novel strategy provides a simple and effective way to obtain a high conductive and fire safety electrothermal film. K E Y W O R D S ammonium polyphosphate, carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon black, electrothermal film, flame retardant

Multifunctional and high-performance electrothermal films based on carbon black/Ag nanowires/graphene composites

“…Recently, metal nanoparticles have been used in electrothermal materials 10 , owing to their favorable electrothermal properties and exibility 11 . However, their high cost and easy oxidation in air make metal nanoparticles inadequate to meet large-scale commercial application requirements 12,13 .…”

Adaptive and Remote Thermoregulation Enabled with a Highly Stable Transparent Flexible Heating Film

“…At present, metal- and carbon-based matters are the most widely used electric heating materials, because of their superior electric-driven heat and thermal stability properties. However, these materials normally have poor transmittance and strong rigidity originating from the nature of matters, which can hardly meet application scenarios that require high transparency and flexibility. ,, To overcome these obstacles, versatile alternative materials have been explored to construct flexible transparent electrothermal films, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal nanowires (CuNWs, AgNWs, etc. ). − Both the graphene and CNT heaters have extremely high electrical/thermal conductivity and temperature tolerance, but sheet resistance and optical transmittances are mutually constrained, which make it hard to simultaneously achieve high transparency and efficient heating under safe low-voltage operation. , In contrast, metal nanowires, especially AgNW networks, are particularly attractive for flexible transparent heaters, with the merits of low driving voltage, high transparency, excellent flexibility, and being more competitive in multiple scenarios toward practical uses.…”

“…However, these materials normally have poor transmittance and strong rigidity originating from the nature of matters, which can hardly meet application scenarios that require high transparency and flexibility. 7,11,12 To overcome these obstacles, versatile alternative materials have been explored to construct flexible transparent electrothermal films, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal nanowires (CuNWs, AgNWs, etc.). 13−22 Both the graphene and CNT heaters have extremely high electrical/ thermal conductivity and temperature tolerance, but sheet resistance and optical transmittances are mutually constrained, which make it hard to simultaneously achieve high transparency and efficient heating under safe low-voltage operation.…”

Fabrication of multifunctional polymethyl methacrylate composites based on phosphorus‐containing polyaniline with excellent flame retardancy and electrical conductivity

“…Therefore, endowing excellent flame retardancy and electrical conductivity to polymer matrix is imperative. As mentioned previously, 12 introducing electrically conductive fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, 12‐14 graphene, 15‐18 carbon black 19 , and metallic powders 20‐23 , into polymer is an effective approach to enhance its electrical conductivity by providing electrically conductive paths for the free transfer of electrons. However, the interface between the electrically conductive fillers and polymer serves as a barrier to the movement of electrons from the matrix to the electrically conductive fillers.…”