Rapid Divergent Evolution of Male Genitalia Among Populations of Drosophila buzzatii

Abstract

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Cryptic speciation in theMerodon luteomaculatuscomplex (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the eastern Mediterranean

“…n. have more similar surstyli. This obvious isolation‐by‐distance pattern of male genital shape has also been found for Drosophila (Soto et al., ).…”

Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

“…Although the exact mechanism of sexual isolation in Syrphidae is not known, traditionally the shape of male genitalia is deemed a significant mechanism of isolation between species (Rotheray & Gilbert 2011). Given that the morphology of male genital structures is considered one of the fastest evolving traits in animal groups with internal fertilization (Soto et al 2013), and that insect genitalia are conspicuously variable even in closely related taxa that are otherwise morphologically very similar (Hosken & Stockley 2004), we assert that significant differences in surstylus shape is strong evidence for species delimitation. Recent studies have found that natural and sexual selection (and their interaction) caused insect genital evolution (Hasson et al 2009;House et al 2013), and that the degree of morphological differences in the structures of genitalia is associated with geographic distance (Soto et al 2013).…”

Correlated divergence of female and male genitalia in replicated lineages with ongoing ecological speciation

“…; Wojcieszek and Simmons ; Soto et al. ; Heinen‐Kay et al. ) provides a solid foundation for studying how genital divergence among lineages impacts speciation processes.…”

“…The consistent divergence of genitalia in all population pairs suggests that these traits evolve rapidly and potentially cause mechanical isolation even at early stages of speciation. The documentation of similar patterns in other poeciliid fishes and arthropods (Evans et al 2011;Wojcieszek and Simmons 2012;Soto et al 2013;Heinen-Kay et al 2014) provides a solid foundation for studying how genital divergence among lineages impacts speciation processes.…”

“…Even though genitalia are among the most rapidly evolving morphological traits (Eberhard 1985), with concomitant implications for the evolution of reproductive isolation (Shapiro and Porter 1989;Masly 2012), the timing and role of mechanical isolation via genital divergence as a barrier to gene flow during speciation remains unclear (Langerhans et al 2016;Yassin 2016). Most studies quantify macroevolutionary patterns of genital variation across divergent species (McPeek et al 2009;Arbuthnott et al 2010;Kubota et al 2013), although some have investigated intraspecific variation (Evans et al 2011;Wojcieszek and Simmons 2012;Soto et al 2013; Heinen-Kay et al 2014). Few studies have explicitly investigated patterns of genital evolution during early stages of the speciation process (Heinen-Kay and Langerhans 2013;Anderson and Langerhans 2015;Barnard et al 2017).…”