Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Cancers on a LEGO-Inspired Detection Platform via Chemiresistive Profiling of Volatile Metabolites

Abstract

Rapid and in situ profiling of volatile metabolites from body fluids represents a new trend in cancer diagnosis and classification in the early stages. We report herein an on-chip strategy that combines an array of conductive nanosensors with a chaotic gas micromixer for real-time monitoring of volatiles from urine and for accurate diagnosis and classification of urinary tract cancers. By integrating a class of LEGO-inspired microchambers immobilized with MXene-based sensing nanofilms and zigzag microfluidic gas channels, it enables the intensive intermingling of volatile organic chemicals with sensor elements that tremendously facilitate their ion−dipole interactions for molecular recognition. Aided with an allin-one, point-of-care platform and an effective machine-learning algorithm, healthy or diseased samples from subpopulations (i.e., tumor subtypes, staging, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis) of urinary tract cancers can be reliably fingerprinted in a few minutes with high sensitivity and specificity. The developed detection platform has proven to be a noninvasive supplement to the liquid biopsies available for facile screening of urinary tract cancers, which holds great potential for large-scale personalized healthcare in low-resource areas.

Smartphone-Based Fluorescent Profiling of Quaternary MicroRNAs in Urine for Rapid Diagnosis of Urological Cancers Using a Multiplexed Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction

“…Both urine and blood as the biomedical test media contain resourceful physiological and pathological information on human health. Compared to a traditional blood test, a urine test takes advantage of noninvasiveness, easy sample collection, and free from the contamination from proteins. , Studies have been conducted to show that even trace levels of urinary miRNAs have great diagnostic and prognostic values for a myriad of cancers, including prostate cancer, − bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and lupus nephritis . However, the content of miRNAs in urine is often 2–4 orders of magnitude lower than that in the blood, which makes it difficult to measure urinary miRNAs directly.…”