Rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis using non-nutrient agar with a lawn of E. coli

Borin, Samuel; Feldman, Ilan; Ken-Dror, Shifra; Briscoe, Daniel

doi:10.1186/1869-5760-3-40

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the case of inflammation of the cornea caused by Acanthamoeba , there are no uniform standards for diagnostic procedures. The most common diagnostic method is culture of corneal scrapings on NN agar coated with bacteria (Borin et al 2013 ). Methods of visualization of the cornea using confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence are also used (Aniśko-Słomińska et al 2011 ; Kokot et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic characterization of amoeba isolated from Acanthamoeba keratitis in Poland

et al. 2015

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Free-living amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are the causative factor of many diseases. Among others, they cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a condition that usually occurs in contact lens wearers, though it is also observed in non-wearers. The number of diagnosed cases of AK increased more than eightfold during 8 years in the USA, and a proportional increase in frequency also occurred in Poland and Europe. Cases of AK are usually diagnosed late, and their therapy is difficult and rarely successful. AK is an uncommon diagnosis in Poland. The increased number of positive cases observed in our laboratory may reflect the growing at-risk population of contact lens wearers. Acanthamoeba as a genus of facultative human parasites is currently classified into 17 genotypes. Isolates belonging to seven genotypes were found to be associated with AK. One genotype in particular, T4, was found to be overrepresented in human disease. The main finding of our study is that in Poland, AK is almost always associated with the T4 genotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic characterization of amoeba isolated from Acanthamoeba keratitis in Poland

et al. 2015

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“…The cultivation of Acanthamoeba is a useful approach for yielding an amount of parasites appropriate for various diagnostic purposes, for improving our knowledge of host parasite relationships and for determining of molecular, biological and immunological characteristics of the parasite (Borin et al, 2013;Verissimo et al, 2013;Jain et al, 2015). Although, a great number of studies reported that the present Acanthamoeba in worldwide, we could find very few studies providing satisfactory information about the media of Acanthamoeba.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acanthamoebic trails have been detected on blood agar, non-nutrient agar and Acanthamoeba has been shown to preferentially phagocytize erytrocytes of different animal species (Penland and Wilhelmus, 1998). It has been reported that non-nutrient agar is very rapidly, inexpensive and easy to handle experimentally for growth of Acanthamoeba (Axelsson et al, 2009;Borin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cultivation of Acanthamoeba using with different axenic and monoxenic media

Eroglu¹,

Evyapan²,

Koltas³

2015

Mid. Black Sea J of Health Sci.

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Objective: Acanthamoeba species are the ubiquities free-living amoebae and can infect humans, causing diseases such as keratitis and encephalitis. Acanthamoeba species are often grown on non-nutrient agar spread with Escherichia coli or peptone-yeast extract-glucose. We investigated the amount of growth of Acanthamoeba in different axenic and monoxenic media.Methods: The non-nutrient agar with Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aeurous, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used as monoxenic media. The encystation, mycological peptone-maltose, peptone yeast extract glucose, roswell park memorial institute 1640 and trypticase beef hemoglobine media were used as axenic media.Results: We compared the growth of Acanthamoeba species in different axenic and monoxenic media in this study. In relation to the growth rate, the non-nutrient agar with Pseudomonas aeuroginosa had the highest values achieved among monoxenic media and roswell park memorial institute 1640 media was the highest value among axenic media.Conclusion: In view of the results, we can affirm that these monoxenic media are adequate to grow of Acanthamoeba species. In addition, a classic and basic medium that supports the growth of Acanthamoeba species consists of peptone yeast extract glucose. However, the roswell park memorial institute 1640 media was an excellent commercially available media for the growth of Acanthamoeba and it was able to keep Acanthamoeba by long periods of time.

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“…Corneal scrapings also may demonstrate the cyst and trophozoite forms. Culturing the scrapings on non-nutrient agar overlaid with Escherichia coli may show characteristic trails (markings) as trophozoites move across the plate to feed on the bacteria (Borin 2013; Dart 2009; Winchester 1995). Corneal scrapings stained with Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), calcofluor white, or acridine orange stains may be used to identify the cyst and trophozoite forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical interventions for acanthamoeba keratitis

Alkharashi

Lindsley

Law

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Acanthamoeba are microscopic, free-living, single-celled organisms which can infect the eye and lead to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK can result in loss of vision in the infected eye or loss of eye itself; however, there are no formal guidelines or standards of care for the treatment of AK. Objectives To evaluate the relative effectiveness and safety of medical therapy for the treatment of AK. Search methods We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (2015, Issue 1), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to January 2015), EMBASE (January 1980 to January 2015), PubMed (1948 to January 2015), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (1982 to January 2015), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic search for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 9 January 2015. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medical therapy for AK, regardless of the participants' age, sex, or etiology of disease. We included studies that compared either anti-amoeba therapy (drugs used alone or in combination with other medical therapies) with no anti-amoeba therapy or one anti-amoeba therapy with another anti-amoeba therapy. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently screened search results and full-text reports, assessed risk of bias, and abstracted data. We used standard methodological procedures as set forth by the Cochrane Collaboration. Main results We included one RCT (56 eyes of 55 participants) in this review. The study compared two types of topical biguanides for the treatment of AK: chlorhexidine 0.02% and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.02%. All participants were contact lens wearers with a median age of 31 years. Treatment duration ranged from 51 to 145 days. The study, conducted in the UK, was well-designed and had low risk of bias overall. Outcome data were available for 51 (91%) of 56 eyes. Follow-up times for outcome measurements in the study were not reported. Resolution of infection, defined as control of ocular inflammation, relief of pain and photosensitivity, and recovery of vision, was 86% in the chlorhexidine group compared with 78% in the PHMB group (relative risk (RR) 1.10, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.84 to 1.42). In the chlorhexidine group, 20 of 28 eyes (71%) had better visual acuity compared with 13 of 23 eyes (57%) in the PHMB group at final follow-up (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.94). Five participants required therapeutic keratoplasty: 2 in the chlorhexidine group compared with 3 in the PHMB group (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.10 to 3.00). No serious adverse event related to drug toxicity was observed in the st...

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Rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis using non-nutrient agar with a lawn of E. coli

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Genotypic characterization of amoeba isolated from Acanthamoeba keratitis in Poland

Genotypic characterization of amoeba isolated from Acanthamoeba keratitis in Poland

The cultivation of Acanthamoeba using with different axenic and monoxenic media

Medical interventions for acanthamoeba keratitis

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