Rapid Determination of Mixed Pesticide Residues on Apple Surfaces by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are insecticides and herbicides which has been widely used on farms. However, CPF and 2,4-D residues on corps can bring high risks to human health. Accurate detection of pesticide residues is important for controlling health risks caused by CPF and 2,4-D. Therefore, we developed a fast, sensitive, economical, and lossless surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based method for pesticide detection. It can rapidly and simultaneously determine the CPF and 2,4-D mixed pesticide residues on an apple surface at a minimum of 0.001 mg L−1 concentration, which is far below the pesticide residue standard in China and the EU. The limits of detection reach down to 1.28 × 10−9 mol L−1 for CPF and 2.47 × 10−10 mol L−1 for 2,4-D. The limits of quantification are 4.27 × 10−9 mol L−1 and 8.23 × 10−10 mol L−1 for CPF and 2,4-D. This method has a great potential for the accurate detection of pesticide residues, and may be applied to other fields of agricultural products and food industry.

Rapid Detection of Malathion, Phoxim and Thiram on Orange Surfaces Using Ag Nanoparticle Modified PDMS as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate

“…It might be caused by surface defects on the AgNPs-PDMS substrate, which give rise to uneven enhancement of the Raman signal. Nonetheless, the coefficients of determination achieved in this study are at the same level with previously reported SERS-based methods [ 41 , 42 , 56 ]. Considering that the priority of this study is to establish a method for the rapid screening of pesticide residues, the linearity of the regression equations should be acceptable for semi-quantitative SERS analysis.…”

“…In another study, a flexible Au nanostars/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate was recently developed for in-situ determination of methyl parathion on fruit [ 41 ]. Wang et al also reported the rapid detection of mixed chlorpyrifos and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid residues on apple surfaces by using Ag colloid as a SERS substrate [ 42 ]. All these studies show the outstanding performance and great potential of applying a flexible substrate for fast and on-site SERS detection of pesticides on fruit surfaces.…”

Beyond Molecular Recognition: A Perylene Bisimide Derivative as a Functional Mimic of Chlorpyrifos

“…In literature SERS technique has been used for detection of CPF in apple residues and their recovery rate is reported to be 87.97-97.06 %. [10] Thus PBI-SAH assemblies exhibit comparable detection potential using much easier fluorescence technique. We also used assemblies of PBI-SAH for detection of CPF in blood serum.…”

“…These results indicate the potential of PBI‐SAH assemblies for efficient detection of residues of CPF in apple. In literature SERS technique has been used for detection of CPF in apple residues and their recovery rate is reported to be 87.97–97.06 % [10] . Thus PBI‐SAH assemblies exhibit comparable detection potential using much easier fluorescence technique.…”

“…At the same time, it is highly desirable to develop efficient and safe CPF functional mimic to enhance the crop production to maintain balance between demand and supply. Though in literature several reports are available regarding development of a variety of probes for detection of pesticides by employing various techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [8] gas chromatography, [9] surfaceenhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS), [10] electronic analysis and fluorescence, [11][12][13][14][15][16] however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report regarding development of a system which could interact with CPF and mimic its inhibitory activity i. e. inhibit the AChE catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh). Very recently, a red emissive probe has been developed bearing reactive ester moiety for the detection of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and CPF.…”