Rapid Determination of Metal Particles on Air Sampling Filters Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Arnold, Stephen; Cremers, David A.

doi:10.1080/15428119591016197

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…11 For particles, limits of detection for Be and Tl particles on filters were on the order of 0.45 and 40 ng/cm 2 , respectively, using an EO-laser and the long laser spark. 36,37 The results obtained here with the AO-laser agree favorably with the limits of detection obtained in these prior studies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Solids Using a Long-Pulse (150 ns) Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

et al. 2005

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements are typically carried out using pulses (<20 ns, >50 mJ) from a flashlamp-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (EO-laser) or excimer laser. Here we report LIBS analyses of solids using an acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (AO-laser) producing 150 ns pulses of lower energy (10 mJ) at repetition rates up to 6 kHz. The high repetition rate allows increased spatial or depth sampling over a given time period compared to the EO-laser. Results of AO-laser based LIBS analysis of (1) steels, (2) soils, and (3) surface stains and dusts are described. Detection limits for Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Si in steel ranged from 0.11 to 0.24% using a commercial polychromator-based detection system with limits 4--30 times lower achieved using a laboratory-based detection system. The minimum detectable masses of Ba, Cr, Mn, and Sr on a metal surface were estimated with 1.2 pg/shot achieved for Sr. Detection limits for Ba and Sr in soil were 296 and 52 ppm, respectively. The temperatures, spectra, and emission decay curves from plasmas generated by the AO- and EO-lasers are compared and some characteristics of particles ablated by the AO-laser are described.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Solids Using a Long-Pulse (150 ns) Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

et al. 2005

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“…We intentionally used a lower energy laser in this study, much lower than those used in most traditional LIBS studies of aerosols (Arnold and Cremers 1995;Cheng 2000;Park et al 2009), so as to mimic performance of low-power miniature lasers used in field-portable LIBS instruments. In traditional LIBS studies on aerosols, the laser pulse energy is generally in the range of 100-300 mJ/pulse, whereas in the field-portable instruments it is typically in the range of 25-50 mJ/pulse (Panne et al 2001;Pierce et al 2004;Goujon et al 2008).…”

Section: Laser-needle Orientation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A new approach has been developed for making near-real-time measurement of elemental composition of aerosols using plasma spectroscopy. The method allows preconcentration of miniscule particle mass (pg to ng) directly from the sampled aerosol stream through electrostatic deposition of charged particles (30-900 nm) onto a flat-tip microneedle electrode. The collected material is subsequently ablated from the electrode and monitored by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. Atomic emission spectra were collected using a broadband spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200-980 nm. A single-sensor delay time of 1.3 µs was used in the spectrometer for all elements to allow simultaneous measurement of multiple elements. The system was calibrated for various elements including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Na, and Ti. The absolute mass detection limits for these elements were experimentally determined and found to be in the range of 0.018-5 ng. The electrostatic collection technique has many advantages over other substrate-based methods involving aerosol collection on a filter or its focused deposition using an aerodynamic lens. Because the particle mass is collected over a very small area that is smaller than the spatial extent of the laser-induced plasma, the entire mass is available for analysis. This considerably improves reliability of the calibration and enhances measurement accuracy and precision. Further, the aerosol collection technique involves very low pressure drop, thereby allowing higher sample flow rates with much smaller pumps-a desirable feature for portable instrumentation. Higher flow rates also make it feasible to measure trace element concentrations at part per trillion levels. Detection limits in the range of 18-670 ng m −3 can be achieved for most of the elements studied at a flow rate of 1.5 L min −1 with sampling times of 5 min.

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“…One option, to preserve this information, is to use LIBS for rapid quantitative analysis of particulates collected on filters. Arnold and Cremers 43 have reported on the determination of thalium on fil-ters in less than 1 minute with a limit of detection of 40 ng/cm 2 • While not a real-time measurement, this approach significantly shortens the analysis time for samples collected in this way. Panne et al have used an automated approach where a continuous filter belt conveys the collected particulate to a portable LIES instrument (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm, 30 rn]/pulse) for near on-line analysis in a municipal waste incinerator.…”

Section: Applications To Particle Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Aerosols and Particulates

Smith

Hahn

Gibb

et al. 2001

KONA

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Laser induced plasma spectroscopy is beginning to find useful applications in the real time in situ detection of particulates and aerosols suspended in gases. Although the technique is almost 40 years old, it has become increasingly practical for this application during the last decade due to the development of more reliable lasers and optical detection systems, an improved understanding of the physical processes involved, and new data collection and analysis strategies. There is a pressing need for such detection techniques for industrial process and atmospheric monitoring. In this review, we examine literature concerned with the process of optical breakdown by focused lasers in gases, the role of particles in this process, and the characterization of particles using laser induced plasmas.

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Rapid Determination of Metal Particles on Air Sampling Filters Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Solids Using a Long-Pulse (150 ns) Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Solids Using a Long-Pulse (150 ns) Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Aerosols and Particulates

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