Rapid Determination of Cholesterol in Milk and Milk Products by Direct Saponification and Capillary Gas Chromatography

Fletouris, Dimitrios; Botsoglou, Nikolaos; Psomas, Ioannis E.; Mantis, Antonios

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75842-4

Cited by 122 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fletouris et al [13] obtained the following values in ovine, bovine and caprine milks: 21.7 ± 0.32, 12.2 ± 0.18 and 14.4 ± 0.22 mg·100 g -1 of milk; the content in ewe's milk is similar to that found in this study. Table I also shows the concentrations of the minor sterols.…”

Section: Quantificationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Human milk contains desmosterol [12], lathosterol, dihydrolanosterol, lanosterol, a dimethylsterol (4a,b-dimethyl-5a-cholest-8,24-dien-3b-ol), methostenol (4a-methyl-5a-cholest-8,24-dien-3b-ol) and squalene [21]. There is not enough information about the content of cholesterol and other sterols in ewe's milk; however, some authors have reported a slightly higher level of cholesterol as compared with cow's milk [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Composition of cholesterol and its precursors in ovine milk

Goudjil

Torrado

Fontecha

et al. 2003

Lait

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-Identification and concentration of cholesterol and its precursors were investigated in ovine milk. In order to ensure a wide variety of milk composition, 45 samples were taken during the year from the bulk milk of five herds (ranging from 130 to 2500 adult ewes) corresponding to five breeds and located in different places in Spain. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of small quantities of squalene, lathosterol, desmosterol, dihydrolanosterol and lanosterol. Neither campesterol nor b-sitosterol could be detected in the studied samples. The mean values (mg·100 g -1 fat) were: cholesterol 288.44 ± 42.22; squalene 1.80 ± 0.99; lathosterol 1.81 ± 0.82; desmosterol 0.41 ± 0.30; dihydrolanosterol 4.15 ± 2.40 and lanosterol 6.86 ± 1.88. With the statistical model used, the cholesterol concentration in milk fat was shown to be influenced by an interaction between the factors time of year of sampling and breed, but the variations observed do not show a clear trend.Cholesterol / minor sterols / ewe milk / fat / gas-chromatography / mass-spectrometry Résumé -Composition du cholestérol et de ses précurseurs dans le lait de brebis. L'identification du cholestérol et ses précurseurs a été effectuée sur le lait de brebis et leur concentration mesurée. Afin de garantir une large variété de composition du lait, 45 échantillons ont été prélevés tout au long de l'année sur une quantité de lait de cinq troupeaux (allant de 130 à 2500 agnelles adultes) correspondant à cinq races et localisées dans différentes régions d'Espagne. L'analyse par chromatographie gaz/spectrométrie de masse a permis d'identifier une petite quantité de squalène, lathosterol, desmosterol, dihydrolanosterol et lanosterol. Ni le campesterol ni le b-sitosterol ne pouvaient être détectés dans les échantillons étudiés. Les valeurs moyennes (mg·100 g -1 de matière grasse) ont été : cholestérol 288,44 ± 42,22; squalène 1,80 ± 0,99; lathosterol 1,81 ± 0,82; desmosterol 0,41 ± 0,30; dihydrolanosterol 4,15 ± 2,40 et lanosterol 6,86 ± 1,88. Les modèles statistiques utilisés ont permis l'observation d'une interaction entre l'effet période de l'année pour l'échantillonnage et la race sur la concentration du cholestérol dans la matière grasse du lait, mais les variations observées ne furent pas claires.Cholestérol / stérol mineur / lait de brebis / matière grasse / chromatographie gaz / spectrométrie de masse

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Section: Quantificationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Composition of cholesterol and its precursors in ovine milk

Goudjil

Torrado

Fontecha

et al. 2003

Lait

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“…The values of milk cholesterol concentration in the present study are comparable to those observed by Fletouris et al (1998) with goat milk obtained from a local milk industry in Greece (14.4 mg/100 g). In our study, HSO supplementation had no influence on milk cholesterol concentration, but it numerically increased plasma cholesterol concentration.…”

Section: Plasma Lipid Profile and Enzymatic Activitiessupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of hemp seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profile, liver function, milk fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A concentrations in Carpathian goats

Cozma¹,

Andrei²,

Pintea³

et al. 2015

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with hemp seed oil (HSO) on the lipid metabolism, through the plasma lipid profile, liver function and concentrations of fatty acids (FA), cholesterol, and vitamin A in goat milk. Ten Carpathian goats were divided into two groups: one was fed the control diet (C) composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate, and the other was fed C diet supplemented with 93 g/day of HSO (4.7% of dry matter intake) for 31 days. The HSO supplementation did not modify plasma cholesterol, triglyceride or phospholipid concentrations, or the activities of alanine aminotransferase or γ-glutamyltransferase, but plasma total lipid concentration was increased. HSO supplementation had no effect on milk yield, but it increased milk fat and protein contents. HSO supplementation markedly altered milk FA composition, but had no effect on milk cholesterol or vitamin A concentrations. Changes in milk FA composition corresponded to a decrease in saturated de novo synthesized FA (10:0-16:0) and an increase in 4:0, 18:0, and polyunsaturated FA concentrations. Also, HSO supplementation strongly increased cis-9,trans-11-CLA and also trans-18:1 concentrations in milk fat. These findings suggest that HSO can be used to modify milk FA content with a putative positive effect on human health, without adversely affecting goat performance or health, except for a potential hyperlipidemic effect.

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“…Cholesterol was determined by the procedure described by FLETOURIS et al (1998). For the preparation of cholesterol standards, the stock solution (2 mg/ml) was prepared by dissolving 20 mg of the reference standard (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA) in hexane in a 10 ml volumetric flask.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of most consumed turkish hard and soft cheeses

Kınık¹,

Gürsoy²,

Seçkin³

2005

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of 29 different most popular hard (Tulum, Teneke Tulum, aged Kashar, and fresh Kashar cheeses) and soft cheese (White Pickled cheeses) samples from the markets ofIzmirinTurkeywere determined by gas chromatography. Cholesterol content of hard and soft cheeses ranged from 46.47 to 138.99 mg/100 g fat. Relative to the mean cholesterol values, the highest cholesterol content was found in fresh Kashar cheese. The fatty acid composition is quite similar in all samples. As concerns the saturated fatty acids, the most abundant in the cheeses investigated were palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and myristic acids (C14:0). Palmitic acid levels were found to be the highest of the saturated fatty acid in all samples. Oleic acid content (5.93–29.38 mg/100 g fatty acids) in all cheeses was considerable higher than those of other unsaturated fatty acids. No specific trend or correlation between cholesterol and individual fatty acids was observed.  

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Rapid Determination of Cholesterol in Milk and Milk Products by Direct Saponification and Capillary Gas Chromatography

Cited by 122 publications

References 15 publications

Composition of cholesterol and its precursors in ovine milk

Composition of cholesterol and its precursors in ovine milk

Effect of hemp seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profile, liver function, milk fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A concentrations in Carpathian goats

cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of most consumed turkish hard and soft cheeses

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