Rapid determination of 88 veterinary drug residues in milk using automated TurborFlow online clean-up mode coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

On‐line approaches for the determination of residues and contaminants in complex samples

“…SPE combined with TFC was used for a screening procedure covering 88 veterinary drugs (20 sulfonamides, seven macrolides, 15 quinolones, eight penicillins, 13 benzimidazoles, four tetracyclines, two sedatives, and 19 hormones) in milk sample . A Turboflow Cyclone™ column (50 × 1.0 mm, 60 μm) was used as a first clean‐up LC column and in the second LC dimension a CAPCELL PAK C 18 MG III (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) was used for the separation purpose.…”

Determination of sulfonamides in milk by ID-LC-MS/MS

“…Due to their low cost, low toxicity, and excellent antibacterial properties against common bacterial diseases make them popular agents [1]. However, uncontrolled use of veterinary drugs and noncompliance with the withdrawal period pave the way for drug residues to remain in animal tissues and transfer into their milk [2][3][4]. Sulfonamide residues in food is an important issue as they possess a potential risk toward human health by inducing drug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, toxicity and allergic reactions [2,[4][5][6].…”

“…However, uncontrolled use of veterinary drugs and noncompliance with the withdrawal period pave the way for drug residues to remain in animal tissues and transfer into their milk [2][3][4]. Sulfonamide residues in food is an important issue as they possess a potential risk toward human health by inducing drug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, toxicity and allergic reactions [2,[4][5][6]. Thus, European Union Commission Regulation 37/2010/EEC and Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock announcement No 2011/20 have set the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for total SAs in milk as 100 µg/ kg [7,8].…”

“…The methods reported in the literature for the determination of sulfonamide residues comprise enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [9,10], capillary electrophoresis [11,12], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD)/ florescence detection (FLD) [13][14][15][16], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [17,18], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [2,[19][20][21] and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) [20,22]. In order to fulfill the requirements of food safety regulations, methods developed to determine sulfonamide residues in milk should be sensitive, selective and capable of detecting the residues below the maximum residue limits (MRL).…”

“…In order to fulfill the requirements of food safety regulations, methods developed to determine sulfonamide residues in milk should be sensitive, selective and capable of detecting the residues below the maximum residue limits (MRL). Microbiological assays are quick, inexpensive, selective but lacking of structural information that might produce false positive results [2]. LC-MS/MS has become most appropriate method for the residue analysis with its high selectivity, sensitivity, decisiveness and its applicability to determine the polar and/or non-volatile compounds without derivatization, including both electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization methods [18].…”