Rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera

Miyakawa, Kei; Stanleyraj, Jeremiah Sundararaj; Kato, Hideaki; Yamaoka, Yutaro; Go, Hirofumi; Yajima, Satoshi; Shimada, Tomoko; Mihara, Takahiro; Goto, Atsushi; Yamanaka, T.; Ryo, Akihide

doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjab050

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, a fairly good inhibition of ~66% was achieved here after the third vaccination, which should protect people from a severe etiopathology. This is in agreement with data obtained in a modified virus-like particle neutralization test (hiVNT) system based on lentiviruses ( 42 ). Importantly, the data presented here show a good correlation between sVNT inhibition values and IgG titers for all tested variants, confirming the strong neutralization effects observed after three vaccinations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

et al. 2022

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The rapid development, approval, and production of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than 1 year after the first reports of a new infectious disease was a real game changer, providing 80%–90% efficacy in preventing severe etiopathologies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These vaccines induce an immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein located on the surface of the virus particle. Antibodies (Abs) recognizing the S-protein can inhibit binding of the virus via the S-protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor expressed on different human cells, especially when these Abs bind to the interaction site, the so-called receptor-binding domain (RBD). We have expressed the RBDs of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and five variants of concern (VOCs) to test the immune response in people before vaccination with mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 and after up to three vaccinations using in-house ELISA and inhibition assays. The methods of both assays are provided. Both vaccines initiated similarly high IgG titers after two vaccinations against the wild-type and even two VOC-RBDs (alpha and delta) and strongly inhibited the corresponding RBD-ACE-2 binding. The IgG titers and inhibition of ACE-2 binding were lower for beta and gamma RBDs and much lower for omicron RBD. The third vaccination after 6 months strongly increased both the IgG titers and the neutralizing effect against all variants, especially for omicron, leading to 63% ± 13% neutralization potential. Importantly, neutralization linearly increased with the IgG titers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

et al. 2022

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“…Serum was not removed during the incubation period. We have previously shown that the NT 50 values from the rapid quantitative neutralization assay correlate with those from the assay using authentic viruses (Miyakawa et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Based on previous studies ( Kubo et al, 2020 ; Goto et al, 2021 ; Miyakawa et al, 2021 , 2022c ; Kato et al, 2022a ), levels of IgG antibodies against spike protein of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (SP-IgG) or total Ig antibodies against nucleocapsid protein of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (NP-total Ig) were measured in a laboratory at the Prime Health Partners Co., Ltd., (Yokohama, Japan) using a commercial chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (AIA-CL SARS-CoV-2 SP-IgG and NP-total Ig antibody detection reagents, Tosoh, Japan). An index ≥1.0 for these antibodies was considered positive according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction models for neutralization activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveDespite extensive vaccination campaigns to combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, variants of concern, particularly the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 or BA.1), may escape the antibodies elicited by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate 50% neutralizing activity (NT50) against SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 and to develop prediction models to predict the risk of infection in a general population in Japan.MethodsWe used a random 10% of samples from 1,277 participants in a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in January and February 2022 in Yokohama City, the most populous municipality in Japan. We measured NT50 against D614G as a reference and three variants (Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2) and immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP-IgG).ResultsAmong 123 participants aged 20–74, 93% had received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The geometric means (95% confidence intervals) of NT50 were 65.5 (51.8–82.8) for D614G, 34.3 (27.1–43.4) for Delta, 14.9 (12.2–18.0) for Omicron BA.1, and 12.9 (11.3–14.7) for Omicron BA.2. The prediction model with SP-IgG titers for Omicron BA.1 performed better than the model for Omicron BA.2 (bias-corrected R2 with bootstrapping: 0.721 vs. 0.588). The models also performed better for BA.1 than for BA.2 (R2 = 0.850 vs. 0.150) in a validation study with 20 independent samples.ConclusionIn a general Japanese population with 93% of the population vaccinated with two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were substantially lower than those against D614G or the Delta variant. The prediction models for Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 showed moderate predictive ability and the model for BA.1 performed well in validation data.

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“…The most common symptoms of long COVID are fatigue, weakness, cough, chest tightness, breathlessness, palpitations, myalgia, and difficulty focusing; their appearance is not related to the severity of the COVID-19 course [54, 55]. Moreover, new variants of concern (VOCs) - favored by the uncontrolled spread of the virus - continuously pose new threats to all age groups [24, 56, 57]. To date, the effectiveness of vaccination against the most hostile variants such as Delta decreased but remained sufficiently high (approximately 60-90% depending on the vaccine used) [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dying From COVID-19 or With COVID-19: A Definitive Answer Through a Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in Italy

Rovetta¹,

Bhagavathula

2021

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 mortality was associated with several reasons, including conspiracy theories and infodemic phenomena. However, little is known about the potential endogenous reasons for the increase in COVID-19 associated mortality in Italy. Objective: This study aimed to search the potential endogenous reasons for the increase in COVID-19 mortality recorded in Italy during the year 2020 and evaluate the statistical significance of the latter. Methods: We analyzed all the trends in the timelapse 2011-2019 related to deaths by age, sex, region, and cause of death in Italy and compared them with those of 2020. Ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regressions and ARIMA (p, d, q) models were applied to investigate the predictions of death in the year 2020 as compared to death reported in 2020. Grubbs and Iglewicz-Hoaglin tests were used to identify the statistical differences between the predictors and observed death during the year 2020. The relationship between mortality and predictive variables was assessed using OLS multiple regression models. Results: Both ARIMA and OLS linear regression models predicted the number of deaths in Italy during the year 2020 is between 640,000 and 660,000 (95% confidence intervals range: 620,000 - 695,000) and these values were far from the observed deaths reported (n = 750,000). Significant difference in deaths at national level (P = 0.003), and higher male mortality than women (+18% versus +14%, P < 0.001 versus P = 0.01) was observed. Finally, higher mortality was strongly and positively correlated with latitude (R = 0.82, P < 0.001) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the absence of historical endogenous reasons capable of justifying the increase in deaths and mortality observed in Italy in 2020. Together with the current knowledge on the novel coronavirus 2019, these findings provide decisive evidence on the devastating impact of COVID-19 in Italy. We suggest that this research be leveraged by government, health, and information authorities to furnish proof against conspiracy theorists. Moreover, given the marked concordance between the predictions of the ARIMA and OLS regression models, we suggest that these models be exploited to predict mortality trends.

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Rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Prediction models for neutralization activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: A cross-sectional study

Dying From COVID-19 or With COVID-19: A Definitive Answer Through a Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in Italy

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