Rapid detection of causative pathogen of peritonitis using in-situ hybridization in a patient with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Development of a new in situ hybridization method for the detection of global bacterial DNA to provide early evidence of a bacterial infection in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

“…The principle of the method is to detect bacterial genomic DNA in the phagocytic leukocytes using ISH within 8 h, and this method was originally developed for the purpose of diagnosing sepsis. In addition to septicemia, a case report using the ISH test for the detection of bacterium in the peritoneal dialysis fluid was recently reported [17]. The current study showed that the ISH test is considered to be useful for obtaining early and direct evidence of a bacterial infection in SBP ascites.…”

ISPD Peritonitis Recommendations: 2016 Update on Prevention and Treatment

“…A number of novel diagnostic techniques have been explored for the early diagnosis of peritonitis, including leukocyte esterase reagent strips, biomarker assays (matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and procalcitonin), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial-derived DNA fragments, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), and pathogen-specific “immune fingerprints” (215-226). However, none of them has been proved to be superior to conventional techniques.…”

Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections Recommendations: 2010 Update

“…• There is not enough evidence for recommending the use of novel techniques [such as leukocyte esterase, broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative bacterial DNA PCR] for the diagnosis of peritonitis (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64).…”

“…Another study suggests that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 test kit may be a reliable method for early diagnosis of PD peritonitis (63). The role of rapid detection of the causative pathogen of peritonitis using in situ hybridization has also been explored (64).…”