Rapid Detection based Prevalence of Canine Corona Virus (CCoV) and Canine Parvo Virus (CPV) Infection in Diarrheic Dogs in South Gujarat

Abstract

The study was done on detection and prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) from the diarrhoeic dogs. Dogs presented with the diarrhoea and symptomatic illness, were tested for the CCoV and CPV infection. Diarrhoeic samples were directly processed for rapid diagnostic test using Immuno-chromatography based lateral flow assay test (LFA). It is a fast, rapid and specific for the CCoV and CPV detection. Out of total 109 samples processed by the LFA, 05 (4.58 %) were found positive for CCoV and 37 (33.94%) were positive for CPV. None of the samples showed concomitant infection of both the viruses. Age-wise prevalence of CCoV was found to be 7.93 (5/63) % in ≤3 months age group, and no positive case was found in other age groups. Similarly, the age wise prevalence of CPV was found to be 41.26 (26/63), 25.00 (9/26) and 20.00 (2/10) % in ≤3 months, 3 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months of age group, respectively. The prevalence of CCoV and CPV was found more in young puppies.

Review on important diseases of Dogs: At glance

“…The less severe form of rabies, known as "paralytic/dumb rabies," results in death because of muscular paralysis. As it is deadliest disease of household pet, it must require 'One health' approach to prevent the disease (Desai et al, 2018 a ) [8] Worldwide occurrences of rabies deaths can be avoided through public awareness campaigns (Desai et al, 2018 b ) [9] , dog vaccinations, and the proper preand post-bite care procedures advised by the WHO. Quick wound cleaning with soap and running water can significantly lower the viral load and limit the risk of rabies infection in the future.…”

“…Canine Parvoviral gastroenteritis: Canine parvovirus enteritis (PVE), which is caused by three varieties of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2; family Parvoviridae, Genus Parvovirus), is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in dogs (Desai et al, 2020 a ; Desai et al, 2020 b ) [8,9] . In the mid-to-late 1970s, CPV-2 arose as a cause of acute canine enteritis, presumably from another carnivore parvovirus (cats or other hosts), spreading swiftly and causing global outbreaks.…”

“…Significantly, CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c strains have a greater host range than the original CPV-2 strain and may induce feline panleukopenia in cats if they arise naturally. Despite the fact that severe clinical disease mainly affects puppies younger than six months of age, adults with weak immunity may also be afflicted (Desai et al, 2020 a ) [8] . Breed susceptibility and seasonal occurrence of the disease are subject to substantial regional variation.…”

“…CCoV, or canine coronavirus illness, is a highly contagious intestinal sickness that primarily affects puppies (Desai et al, 2020 a ) [8] . Dogs infected with the canine coronavirus may have significant stomach discomfort for a few days.…”

An update on prevention and control of livestock diseases in India

“…When an outbreak has been confirmed, the calves that have been clinically afflicted are the primary carriers of the virus. According to Desai et al (2020a) [3] , Desai et al (2020b) [4] , Desai et al 2021 [5] , Joshi et al (2022a) [10] , and Joshi et al (2022b) [11] , animal coronavirus can be swiftly identified by using the quick, low-cost, and practical rapid lateral flow assay test. Two of the most significant problems associated with bovine sickness are the development of antibiotic resistance and the presence of antibiotic residue in cow's milk (Patel et al, 2019 andPatel et al, 2020) [21,20] .…”