Rapid Design Optimization and Calibration of Microwave Sensors Based on Equivalent Complementary Resonators for High Sensitivity and Low Fabrication Tolerance

Haq, Tanveer Ul; Koziel, Slawomir

doi:10.3390/s23021044

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The calculation is obtained and the unknown sample is defined as having almost the same values reported by [ 42 , 43 , 44 ] as being onion and ginger, respectively. The experiment results for real permittivity and loss tangent determined by polynomial equations for each SUTs are compared in Table 9 and illustrated in Figure 21 .…”

Section: Fabrication Measurement and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Semi-Solid Materials Utilizing Triple-Rings CSRR Microwave Sensor

Al-Gburi

Rahman

Zakaria

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This article proposes the design, fabrication and measurement of a triple-rings complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) microwave sensor for semi-solid material detection. The triple-rings CSRR sensor was developed based on the CSRR configuration with curve-feed designed together, utilizing a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) microwave studio. The designed triple rings CSRR sensor resonates at 2.5 GHz, performs in transmission mode, and senses shift in frequency. Six cases of the sample under tests (SUTs) were simulated and measured. These SUTs are Air (without SUT), Java turmeric, Mango ginger, Black Turmeric, Turmeric, and Di-water, and detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted for the frequency resonant at 2.5 GHz. The semi-solid tested mechanism is undertaken using a polypropylene (PP) tube. The samples of dielectric material are filled into PP tube channels and loaded in the CSRR centre hole. The e-fields near the resonator will affect the interaction with the SUTs. The finalized CSRR triple-rings sensor was incorporated with defective ground structure (DGS) to deliver high-performance characteristics in microstrip circuits, leading to a high Q-factor magnitude. The suggested sensor has a Q-factor of 520 at 2.5 GHz with high sensitivity of about 4.806 and 4.773 for Di-water and Turmeric samples, respectively. The relationship between loss tangent, permittivity, and Q-factor at the resonant frequency has been compared and discussed. These given outcomes make the presented sensor ideal for detecting semi-solid materials.

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Section: Fabrication Measurement and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Semi-Solid Materials Utilizing Triple-Rings CSRR Microwave Sensor

Al-Gburi

Rahman

Zakaria

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Figure 10 illustrates the initial transmission response of the CCAR sensor resulting from its interaction with the eight MUTs. The relative sensitivity of the proposed CCAR sensor can be computed as [22]:…”

Section: Fabrication and Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Complementary Resonator for Permittivity- and Thickness-Based Dielectric Characterization

Haq,

Koziel

2023

Sensors

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The design of high-performance complementary meta-resonators for microwave sensors featuring high sensitivity and consistent evaluation of dielectric materials is challenging. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel complementary resonator with high sensitivity for dielectric substrate characterization based on permittivity and thickness. A complementary crossed arrow resonator (CCAR) is proposed and integrated with a fifty-ohm microstrip transmission line. The CCAR’s distinct geometry, which consists of crossed arrow-shaped components, allows for the implementation of a resonator with exceptional sensitivity to changes in permittivity and thickness of the material under test (MUT). The CCAR’s geometrical parameters are optimized to resonate at 15 GHz. The CCAR sensor’s working principle is explained using a lumped-element equivalent circuit. The optimized CCAR sensor is fabricated using an LPKF protolaser on a 0.762-mm thick dielectric substrate AD250C. The MUTs with dielectric permittivity ranging from 2.5 to 10.2 and thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.9 mm are used to investigate the properties and calibrate the proposed CCAR sensor. A two-dimensional calibration surface is developed using an inverse regression modelling approach to ensure precise and reliable measurements. The proposed CCAR sensor is distinguished by its high sensitivity of 5.74%, low fabrication cost, and enhanced performance compared to state-of-the-art designs, making it a versatile instrument for dielectric characterization.

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“…Dielectric materials can be characterized and measured by using material-dependent dielectric properties techniques such that the dielectric properties of a material govern the wave behavior in that medium [16]. Precise and accurate permittivity detection has turned into a new challenge for studies concerning microwave sensors in general [17]. Thus, many solutions have been investigated to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization

et al. 2023

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This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials.

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Rapid Design Optimization and Calibration of Microwave Sensors Based on Equivalent Complementary Resonators for High Sensitivity and Low Fabrication Tolerance

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Detection of Semi-Solid Materials Utilizing Triple-Rings CSRR Microwave Sensor

Detection of Semi-Solid Materials Utilizing Triple-Rings CSRR Microwave Sensor

New Complementary Resonator for Permittivity- and Thickness-Based Dielectric Characterization

Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization

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