Rapid degradation of atrazine by hydroxyl radical induced from montmorillonite templated subnano-sized zero-valent copper

Abstract

In this study, subnano-sized zero-valent copper (ZVC) was synthesized using montmorillonite clay mineral as the template. The discrete distribution of surface charge on montmorillonite effectively separates the formed ZVC particles and inhibits their aggregation. X-ray diffraction result indicates that the size of ZVC particles on montmorillonite is ∼6 Å, which is much smaller than nano-ZVC prepared by conventional method. The montmorillonite templated ZVC (ZVCMMT) shows superior reactivity as indicated by the degradation of atrazine, over 90% atrazine (15 μM) could be degraded in a few min. Hydroxyl radical is confirmed as the reactive species, which is produced from the activation of oxygen by ZVC. It was also shown that the degradation process is strongly dependent on the hydration status of synthesized ZVCMMT. The freeze dried ZVCMMT exhibits higher reactivity compared to freshly prepared ZVCMMT, which can be explained by the higher adsorption of atrazine and oxygen residue on freeze dried ZVCMMT surface. In addition, the toxicity of atrazine is significantly decreased after the reaction with ZVCMMT, indicating that ZVCMMT could be used as a promising material for rapid remediation of persistent organic contaminants.

Biodegradation of Atrazine by the NovelKlebsiella variicolaStrain FH-1

“…At present, besides the underground phytoremediation [10] and the adsorption by nano-copper which induces the degradation of hydrocarbon radicals, microbial degradation is considered as the main, safe, and effective environmental bioremediation [11]. Microbial degradation of Atrazine is achieved by the modification of the amino sites on Atrazine [12].…”

Clay Types Modulate the Toxicity of Low Concentrated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toward Springtails in Artificial Test Soils

“…Reactive oxygen species formation may be caused by the high reactivity of Cu–montmorillonite associations, which are able to break down organic compounds and are known to be more reactive than Cu–kaolin (Khanikar & Bhattacharyya, 2013) or Cu–sand associations (Kalidhasan et al, 2017). For example, Cu–montmorillonite associations can cause a high degradation rate of atrazine through the activation of molecular oxygen and the subsequent hydroxyl radical formation (Hong et al, 2017). The Montmorillonite K10 clay used in the present study is rich in structural and exchangeable Fe (Wirth, 2005), which is also reflected in the total Fe content of our test soils (Table 1).…”

In situ H2O2 Generation and Corresponding Pollutant Removal Applications: A Review

“…Taking advantage of the instability of Cu + itself, ZVC can effectively activate O 2 and H 2 O 2 to produce * OH with strong degradation ability when degrading organic pollutants such as acetaminophen, diethyl phthalate and atrazine. [109][110]125] However, the environmental toxicity of dissolved copper ions cannot be ignored, so a post-treatment [112] Fe/Ni 1.0 g/L MNZ 25 mg/L 3.0 100 % in 15 min Yıldız et al [113] Fe/Al 6.0 g/L Cr(VI) 20 mg/L 7.0 100 % in 20 min Fu et al [114] Fe/Cu-EDTA 25 g/L + 0.57 mM 2,4-DCP 40 mg/L 3.0 100 % in 1 h Liu et al [115] Fe(II)-TPP 100 μM + 500 μM MC-LR 0.2 μM 7.0 > 95 % in 1 h Kim et al [116] Fe(II)-EDDS 0.75 mM TCE 0.75 mM 6.0 98.4 % in 3 h Zhang et al [117] Chemistry-A European Journal process has to be added after ZVC/O 2 system degrades organic pollutants, which not only increases the reaction cost, but also limits the application of ZVC in environmental pollution treatment. Galvanic corrosion exists between dissimilar metals.…”