Rapid Consolidation of Motor Memory in the Vestibuloocular Reflex

Titley, Heather K.; Heskin-Sweezie, Raquel; Chung, Ji-Yeon J.; Kassardjian, Charles D.; Razik, Fathima; Broussard, Dianne M.

doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2007

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the single set of stimulation parameters used in that study was designed to elicit a maximal response, and could potentially have recruited additional plasticity that masked the expression of any climbing fiber contribution to VOR-decrease learning. Moreover, there was no test of whether climbing fiber activation could be initiating changes in the VOR circuit that would support the delayed expression of VOR-decrease learning at later time points beyond the training session, which is plausible given the evidence that different mechanisms can support oculomotor learning over different time scales (Titley et al, 2007; Shutoh et al, 2006; Okamoto et al, 2011). Here, we address those limitations by testing a broader range of stimulation parameters and by measuring learning 2 hr after training as well as during the 30-min training session (Figures 6 and 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gating of neural error signals during motor learning

Kimpo

Rinaldi

Kim

et al. 2014

eLife

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Cerebellar climbing fiber activity encodes performance errors during many motor learning tasks, but the role of these error signals in learning has been controversial. We compared two motor learning paradigms that elicited equally robust putative error signals in the same climbing fibers: learned increases and decreases in the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). During VOR-increase training, climbing fiber activity on one trial predicted changes in cerebellar output on the next trial, and optogenetic activation of climbing fibers to mimic their encoding of performance errors was sufficient to implant a motor memory. In contrast, during VOR-decrease training, there was no trial-by-trial correlation between climbing fiber activity and changes in cerebellar output, and climbing fiber activation did not induce VOR-decrease learning. Our data suggest that the ability of climbing fibers to induce plasticity can be dynamically gated in vivo, even under conditions where climbing fibers are robustly activated by performance errors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02076.001

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gating of neural error signals during motor learning

Kimpo

Rinaldi

Kim

et al. 2014

eLife

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“…For the vestibuloocular and optokinetic reflexes, physiological studies in experimental animals including those with genetically engineered mutations in the cerebellum support a functional and anatomical dichotomy for different time scales of motor learning (Nagao, 1992; Raymond and Lisberger, 1998; van Alphen et al, 2001; Titley et al, 2007; Broussard and Kassardjian, 2004). Whether or not we can translate these data to the simple hypothesis that the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex are critical for acquisition and short-term learning and the deep nuclei for maintenance and long-term learning is unknown.…”

Section: Vor Adaptation Induced By Position and Alternate Error Simentioning

confidence: 98%

Saccade and vestibular ocular motor adaptation

Schubert

Zee

2010

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

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Purpose This paper focuses on motor learning within the saccadic and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) oculomotor systems, vital for our understanding how the brain keeps these subsystems calibrated in the presence of disease, trauma, and the changes that invariably accompany normal development and aging. We will concentrate on new information related to multiple time scales of saccade motor learning, adaptation of the VOR during high-velocity impulses, and the role of saccades in VOR adaptation. The role of the cerebellum in both systems is considered. Methods Review of data involving saccade and VOR motor learning. Results Data supports learning within the saccadic and VOR oculomotor systems is influenced by 1). Multiple time scales, with different rates of both learning and forgetting (seconds, minutes, hours, days, and months). In the case of forgetting, relearning on a similar task may be faster. 2). Pattern of training, learning and forgetting are not similarly achieved. Different contexts require different motor behaviors and rest periods between training sessions can be important for memory consolidation. Conclusions The central nervous system has the difficult task of determining where blame resides when motor performance is impaired (the credit assignment problem). Saccade and VOR motor learning takes place at multiple levels within the nervous system, from alterations in ion channel and membrane properties on single neurons, to more complex changes in neural circuit behavior and higher-level cognitive processes including prediction.

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“…Based on our own recent published [22, 63, 64] and unpublished work, as well as published work from many other labs [65–69], we favor the “trigger and storage” hypothesis of cerebellar learning [70]. It posits that CFs trigger plasticity at distinct sites within the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei in separate stages: a rapid plasticity in the cortex followed by a slower plasticity in the nuclear cells driven by the changes that have occurred in cortex.…”

Section: Contribution Of Climbing Fibers To Cerebellar Cortex and Cermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper

et al. 2016

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For many decades the predominant view in the cerebellar field has been that the olivocerebellar system's primary function is to induce plasticity in the cerebellar cortex, specifically, at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. However, it has also long been proposed that the olivocerebellar system participates directly in motor control by helping to shape ongoing motor commands being issued by the cerebellum. Evidence consistent with both hypotheses exists; however, they are often investigated as mutually exclusive alternatives. In contrast, here we take the perspective that the olivocerebellar system can contribute to both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum, and might also play a role in development. We then consider the potential problems and benefits of its having multiple functions. Moreover, we discuss how its distinctive characteristics (e.g., low firing rates, synchronization, variable complex spike waveform) make it more or less suitable for one or the other of these functions, and why its having a dual role makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. We did not attempt to reach a consensus on the specific role(s) the olivocerebellar system plays in different types of movements, as that will ultimately be determined experimentally; however, collectively, the various contributions highlight the flexibility of the olivocerebellar system, and thereby suggest it has the potential to act in both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum.

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Rapid Consolidation of Motor Memory in the Vestibuloocular Reflex

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Gating of neural error signals during motor learning

Gating of neural error signals during motor learning

Saccade and vestibular ocular motor adaptation

The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper

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