Rapid compression studies on spontaneous ignition of isopropyl nitrate Part II: Rapid sampling, intermediate stages and reaction mechanisms

A Rapid Compression Machine for Chemical Kinetics Studies at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures

“…The design of the present RCM is based on several other compression machines reported in the literature, such as those of Affleck and Thomas (1968), Beeley et al (1980aBeeley et al ( , 1980b, Park and Keck (1990), and Minetti et al (1994). As shown in Figure 1, the present RCM system consists of a driver piston, a reactor piston, a hydraulic motion control chamber, and a driving air tank.…”

“…The present design of the rapid sampling apparatus for species measurement is modified from the earlier designs of Roblee (1961), Beeley et al (1980b), and Minetti et al (1994). This apparatus is employed to quench the reactions at a predetermined time and collect the reaction products for analysis.…”

“…With significant efforts involved, RCM has emerged as a powerful tool to study chemical kinetics at elevated pressures and temperatures (e.g., Griffiths et al, 1997;Minetti et al, 1996a;Tanaka et al, 2003a). A summary of the features of the existing RCMs employed by various research groups, including those at National University of Ireland (Affleck and Thomas, 1968;Brett et al, 2001;Gallagher et al, 2003;Silke et al, 2005;Wü rmel and Simmie, 2005), University of Leeds (Beeley et al, 1980a(Beeley et al, , 1980bClarkson et al, 2001;Griffiths et al, 1993bGriffiths et al, , 1997Griffiths and Whitaker, 2002), University of Science and Technology (Desgroux et al, 1995(Desgroux et al, , 1996Minetti et al, 1994Minetti et al, , 1995Minetti et al, , 1996aMinetti et al, , 1996bMinetti et al, , 1999Ribaucour et al, 2000), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Lee and Hochgreb, 1998;Park and Keck, 1990;Tanaka et al, 2003aTanaka et al, , 2003b, was recently reported by Donovan et al (2004). It is also noted that the rapid compression facility at University of Michigan is designed to achieve compression ratios in the range of 16 to 37 and pressures greater than 20 bar (Donovan et al, 2004).…”

“…Additionally, evolution of species concentration in the RCM has also been measured at precise time steps by using a rapid sampling apparatus, which works on the principle of adiabatic quenching (Beeley et al, 1980b;Minetti et al, 1994;Roblee, 1961). With significant efforts involved, RCM has emerged as a powerful tool to study chemical kinetics at elevated pressures and temperatures (e.g., Griffiths et al, 1997;Minetti et al, 1996a;Tanaka et al, 2003a).…”

Effect of crevice mass transfer in a rapid compression machine

“…The conceptual design of the present RCM is based on several other RCMs reported in the literature that utilize hydraulic motion control and damping, such as [28][29][30]. Except for some unique and notable differences, the detailed design of the present RCM is based on the one designed and used extensively by Mittal and Sung [31].…”