Rapid composition analysis of compound semiconductor thin film solar cell by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review

“…Kowalczyk et al 59 used LIBS for determining the concentration of sodium in CIGS cells. Similarly, Lee et al [60][61][62] studied the absorption layer of CIGS cells, in terms of ablation and spectroscopic characteristics, for a rapid composition analysis of thin lm solar cells. Diego-Vallejo et al 63,64 studied the selective ablation of copper-indium-diselenide solar cells using LIBS coupled with articial neural networks and clas-sication methods.…”