Rapid co-pyrolysis of rice straw and a bituminous coal in a high-frequency furnace and gasification of the residual char

Yuan, Shaochun; Dai, Zhenghua; Zhou, Zhijie; Chen, Xueli; Yu, Guangsuo; Wang, Fuchen

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.019

Cited by 179 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The average bulk density of the wheat straw is within the range of 150-250 kg m -3 reported by Zhou et al (2004). The average bulk density of the rice straw is similar to the value of 177.6 kg m -3 reported by Yuan et al (2012). The bulk density of the corn stalk is similar to the value of 127.5 kg m -3 reported by Sciban et al (2008).…”

Section: Bulk Densitysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Some of these materials are used for making pulp and paper (Hedjazi et al, 2009), as a roughage in animal feeding (Dong et al, 2008), producing liquid fuels (Wang et al, 2012), as thermal insulation materials (Zhou et al, 2010), as an adsorbent (Brandão et al, 2010), as microporous materials (Silva et al, 1998) and as an fermentation medium (Mazutti et al, 2010). However, these materials are renewable and can be used as energy sources to replace fossil fuels in thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion and gasification (Williams et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Zabaniotou et al, 2010). The high cost of fossil fuel, limited and uncertain supply and impact on environment make the utilization of biomass as a source of energy very attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Availability and Physical Properties of Residues From Major Agricultural Crops for Energy Conversion Through Thermochemical Processes

Zhang¹,

Ghaly²,

Li³

2012

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Plant residues from the major agricultural crops (wheat, rice, corn, soybean, sugarcane, coffee and cotton) are abundantly available renewable resources that can be used to supply energy through thermochemical conversion processes. The available amounts of plant residues from these crops and their physical properties (moisture content, particle size, bulk density and porosity) were determined. The annual residues from the wheat, rice, corn, soybean, sugarcane, coffee and cotton were 763.42, 698.10, 1729.92, 416.62, 16.85, 4.01 and 107.13 million tons, respectively. The total amount of plant residues was estimated at 3736.05 million tons with total energy content of 66.92 EJ. These residues can replace 2283.52 million tons of coal, 1551.78 million tons of oil and 1847.63 million m 3 of natural gas. The moisture contents were 7. 79, 6.58, 6.40, 7.30, 8.15, 7.86 and 7.45% for the wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk, soybean stalk, sugarcane stalk, coffee husk and cotton stalk, respectively. The corn stalk and sugarcane stalk had a convex particle size distribution, the soybean stalk and cotton stalk had a concave particle size distribution, the wheat straw and rice straw had an increasing trend particle size distribution and the coffee husk had a decreasing trend particle size distribution. The average particle sizes for the wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk, soybean stalk, sugarcane stalk, coffee husk and cotton stalk were 0.42, 0.40, 0.49, 0.43, 0.55, 0.67 and 0.38 mm, respectively. The average bulk density was 160.75, 166.29, 127.32, 242.34, 110.86, 349.06 and 230.55 kg m -3 for the wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk, soybean stalk, sugarcane stalk, coffee husk and cotton stalk, respectively. The average porosity was 51. 25, 83.20, 58.51, 68.03, 77.58, 64.85 and 74.55% for the wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk, soybean stalk, sugarcane stalk, coffee husk and cotton stalk, respectively. The results obtained from this study indicate that different plant residues have different physical properties.

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Section: Bulk Densitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and Physical Properties of Residues From Major Agricultural Crops for Energy Conversion Through Thermochemical Processes

Zhang¹,

Ghaly²,

Li³

2012

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…The interaction between coal and biomass during thermal co-conversion is an issue yet to be solved; some devolatilization and pyrolysis results of coal and biomass blends have revealed no or very little synergy between the two fuels [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] while others have revealed significant synergy [43,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. It is important to segregate the synergistic effect from the catalytic effect engendered by biomass mineral matters; most of the studies that found synergistic effects between the two fuels failed to segregate these two phenomena.…”

Section: Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the existence of non-catalytic synergistic effect remains controversial. Some researchers [43,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] have shown evidence of synergy between biomass and coal while others [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] found no evidence of synergy. Trevor and Kandiyoti [109] pointed out that the way biomass components are intermeshed affects the distribution of pyrolysis products.…”

Section: Synergy Through Other Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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“…The CP 4 rice husk had the highest ash content (22.386%) whereas the ROK 16 rice husk had the lowest ash content (13.703%). However, these values (13.703-22.386%) are much higher than the 9.40% for rice straw reported by Singha and Das (2011), the 3-5% for wheat straw reported by Ghaly and Al-taweel (1990) and the 6.57% for coal reported by Yuan et al (2012).…”

Section: Ash Content and Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comprehensive Investigation Into the Exergy Values of Six Rice Husks

Zhang

Ghaly²,

Li³

2013

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Exergy is a measurement of how far a certain system or material deviates from a state of equilibrium with the environment and it is a useful tool for improving the efficiency of energy-resource use. Based on the previous work, the exergy values of six rice husks were investigated in this study. The effects of physical and chemical properties were also detailed. These included moisture content, ash content, S, C, O, H and N contents. The moisture related exergy of the six rice husks ranged in 241.432-290.304 kJ per kg rice husk, accounting for 1.563-1.758% of the exergy of rice husks. An exponential relationship between exergy value and moisture content was observed. The exergy of ash varied between 37.419 kJ per kg rice husk and 61.217 kJ per kg rice husk, making up 0.233-0.401% of the exergy of rice husks. An exponential linear relationship between exergy value and ash content was observed. The S related exergy ranged from 1.217 kJ per kg rice husk to 2.993 kJ per kg rice husk, accounting for 0.007-0.018% of the exergy of rice husks. The O/C, H/C and N/C atomic ratios varied in ranges of 0.592-0.662, 1.404-1.730 and 0.008-0.011, respectively, whereas the correlation factors varied slightly in the range of 1.118-1.127. The exergy values of the six rice husks ranged in 15.053-18.407 MJ/kg. They were mainly determined by the correlation factors and the LHVs. A positive linear relationship between exergy value and LHV was observed.

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Rapid co-pyrolysis of rice straw and a bituminous coal in a high-frequency furnace and gasification of the residual char

Cited by 179 publications

References 26 publications

Availability and Physical Properties of Residues From Major Agricultural Crops for Energy Conversion Through Thermochemical Processes

Availability and Physical Properties of Residues From Major Agricultural Crops for Energy Conversion Through Thermochemical Processes

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Comprehensive Investigation Into the Exergy Values of Six Rice Husks

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