Rapid Capture and Hydrolysis of a Sulfur Mustard Gas in Silver-Ion-Exchanged Zeolite Y

Abstract

Sulfur mustard gas, also called HD, is one of the main chemical warfare agents and has claimed thousands of lives and left many more contaminated. The development of functional materials to promptly capture and detoxify sulfur mustard within a few minutes is extremely important to save the lives of the affected people. This has motivated us to explore excellent detoxification systems that can be deployed in the field to rapidly capture and hydrolyze mustard gas in a short time. To that end, we present a silver-ion-exchanged zeolite Y [(Ag+) n @Y, n = 5, 13, 21, 32, 43, and 55] that can rapidly capture mustard gas and its simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) in ambient conditions to enable the prompt hydrolysis of the CEES captured in its nanopores. The capture and hydrolysis ability of Ag+@Y positively correlated with its number of Ag+ ions. In addition, 70% of CEES (2.5 μL in 1 mL) was captured by (Ag+)55@Y within 20 min at 25 °C in ambient conditions. Moreover, 100% CEES (2.5 μL in 1 mL aqueous ethanol cosolvent) was hydrolyzed in 1 min at 25 °C. The efficiency of Ag+@Y in capturing and hydrolyzing CEES as well as mustard gas is thus a system with high detoxification efficiency for this dangerous chemical warfare agent.

Catalytic Processes for the Neutralization of Sulfur Mustard

“…Evenw ith al arge excesso ft he materials over HD or simulants, these systems display low efficiency and are not suitable for large-scale decontamination. By extension, zeolites, [34] metal-organic frameworks, [35][36][37] and polyoxometalates [38,39] have also been tested as adsorbents for CEES and applicationsa sa ir-filtering devices,p rotective clothing, [40] and topicalskin protectants have been proposed. [41] Dr.E mmanuelO heix obtained hisP hD in 2014 from the University of Birmingham workingw ith Dr.A nna F. A. Peacock.…”

Suvremena sredstva za dekontaminaciju bojnih otrova

“…Istraživanjem je dokazano da su na površini kompozita MnO 2 NP -zeolit AgX imitanti kožnih bojnih otrova 2-CEPS i 2-CEES u potpunosti dekontaminirani (adsorbirani i uništeni) tijekom razdoblja od 12 sati pri sobnoj temperaturi. 42 2.1.9. Silicijev(IV) oksid -SiO 2…”

“…Jedan od primjera takvih prirodnih materijala je ljuska od riže koja sadrži oko 20 % SiO 2 , koji se pokazao kao dobar adsorbens za uklanjanje organofosfata, teških metala, fenola i kloriniranih hlapljivih organskih spojeva. 42 2. Fig.…”

Chitosan-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for the Removal of the Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

“…In particular, DMMP is generally employed as an adsorption simulant because it does not have the highly reactive P-F group common to all G-agents. Many theoretical and experimental studies on the adsorption of G-series nerve agents show that DMMP adsorption onto different types of adsorbent, such as carbon materials [31], metal oxides [32], and zeolites [33], occurs through the phosphoryl group. XPS spectra of the C-PAC750 materials before and after DMMP adsorption were almost identical ( Figure S3 in the Supplementary Materials).…”