Rapid Biomass Analysis: New Tools for Compositional Analysis of Corn Stover Feedstocks and Process Intermediates from Ethanol Production

Hames, Bonnie R.; Thomas, Steven R.; Sluiter, Amie; Roth, Christine J.; Templeton, David W.

doi:10.1385/abab:105:1-3:5

Cited by 132 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A third set of stover samples were analyzed for their chemical constituents for relevance as a feedstock for biochemical conversion to ethanol. A Foss 6500 NIR instrument, calibrated using the NREL corn stover calibration model [20], was used to estimate the compositional characteristics.…”

Section: Stover Nutrient Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Hoskinson

Karlen²,

Birrell

et al. 2007

Biomass and Bioenergy

166

150

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Crop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha −1 dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mg ha −1 ) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha −1 of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top+bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macro-nutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha −1 or $11.27 Mg −1 . Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insufficient soil cover, while also producing a problematic feedstock. These preliminary results indicate harvesting stover (including the cobs) at a height of approximately 40 cm would be best for farmers and ethanol producers because of faster harvest speed and higher quality ethanol feedstock. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractCrop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha À1 dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mg ha À1 ) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha À1 of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top+bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macronutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha À1 or $11.27 Mg À1 . Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insuffi...

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Section: Stover Nutrient Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Hoskinson

Karlen²,

Birrell

et al. 2007

Biomass and Bioenergy

166

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Past attempts to address the time-consuming nature of compositional analyses have considered spectroscopic methods, such as near-infrared (NIR), Molecular Beam Mass Spectroscopy (MBMS), and NMR with some success (Hames et al 2002(Hames et al , 2003Hames 2009;Templeton et al 2009;Labbe et al 2005;Ye et al 2008;Kelley et al 2004). The limited nature of these methods, however, requires extensive analysis of samples using more traditional (standard) methods in order to build models for determining compositional information from the various spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput determination of glucan and xylan fractions in lignocelluloses

et al. 2011

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The analysis of structural glucan and xylan in lignocellulose was scaled down from original two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods (Moore WE and Johnson DB 1967 Procedures for the chemical analysis of wood and wood products. U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture., Madison, WI) and integrated into a recently-developed, high throughput pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification system. Novel 96 9 1.8 ml-well Hastelloy reactor plates (128 9 86 9 51 mm) based on previously described 96-well pretreatment reactor plates were paired with custom aluminum filler plates (128 9 86 9 18 mm) for use in Symyx Powdernium solids dispensing systems. The incorporation of glucose oxidase and xylose dehydrogenase linked assays to speed post-hydrolysis sugar analysis dramatically reduced the time for analysis of large lignocellulosic sample sets. The current system permits the determination of the glucan and xylan content of 96 replicates (per reactor plate) in under 6 h and parallel plate processing increases the analysis throughput substantially.

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“…The analysis of lignocellulose constituents is a vital step in the industrial synthesis of second-generation biofuels (Hames et al 2003). The importance of the present Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study of lignocellulose lies within the step-wise production of biofuels; initial lignocellulosic constituents must be characterized to evaluate the potential biofuel yield, e.g., by using regression analysis (Adapa et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques for Distinction between Lignocellulose Samples

Gogna¹,

Goacher²

2017

BioResources

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Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant raw materials available on earth, and the study of lignocellulose components is required for the production of second-generation biofuels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has a demonstrated potential as a costeffective and efficient method to distinguish between lignocellulose specimens. This study compared three FTIR modes-attenuated total reflectance (ATR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and Transmission-FTIR-in their ability to distinguish samples of different lignocellulose species at varying grain sizes, as well as before and after enzyme treatment. The reproducibility among replicates and the separation between different sample groups was assessed using an adjusted "separation/scatter" metric calculated from the scores of principal component analysis (PCA). Attenuated total reflectance was most frequently the best method due to its least amount of variance among sample replicates. However, Transmission-FTIR was better than ATR for certain particle sizes or enzyme treatments. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was repeatedly inferior to ATR and Transmission-FTIR, especially in terms of variability. This work provided insight into the best mode of FTIR for characterizing lignocellulose powders. Future work should test the robustness of these results with a wider range of wood species, particle sizes, enzymes concentrations, and reaction conditions.

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Rapid Biomass Analysis: New Tools for Compositional Analysis of Corn Stover Feedstocks and Process Intermediates from Ethanol Production

Cited by 132 publications

References 2 publications

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

High throughput determination of glucan and xylan fractions in lignocelluloses

Comparison of Three Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques for Distinction between Lignocellulose Samples

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