Rapid Beam Forming in Smart Antennas Using Smart-Fractal Concepts Employing Combinational Approach Algorithms

Abstract

Smart antennas offer a broad range of ways to improve wireless system performance. They provide enhanced coverage through range extension, hole filling, and better building penetration. Smart antennas use an array of low gain antenna elements which are connected by a network. Fractal concepts have been used in antenna arrays recently. The important properties of fractal arrays are frequency independent multiband characteristics, schemes for realizing low side lobe designs, systematic approaches to thinning, and the ability to develop rapid beam forming algorithms. In this paper, an attempt has been made to apply assignment of usage time and location tag algorithm for smart antennas combined with the fractal concepts to reduce the computational complexity and enhance resource allocation for rapid beam forming algorithms. Furthermore, two combinational approach algorithms are proposed for peer users within single base station and peer users between different base stations.

Features and Futures of Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: A Technical Review

“…In wireless communication systems, the application of smart antennas leads to spatial filtering achievement, thereby increasing the Signal Strength (SS) [1,[25][26][27]. Network capacity is increased by controlling the interference level received from other users and base stations [48][49][50].…”

“…Intrinsically, this section doesn't challenge to recapitulate the myriad output results in the areas of smart antennas that diverges from the statistical information theory to model operation, nevertheless, just to summarize some precise accomplishments the authors have confidence in predominantly noteworthy. For the reason that beamforming is realized through software, it is promising to examine a comprehensive range of beamforming algorithms devoid of the prerequisite to adapt the system hardware for each algorithm [25,46,47].…”

“…In the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band frequencies of 2.4 GHz, applied tapered beam antennas are be able to deliver 9 dB of gain, and decrease interference to additional communication bustle off the sidelobes of the antenna beam patterns [1,3,8]. With the purpose of improving the performance of smart antenna process, effective design of beam formation pattern is vital depending on the subjected antenna considerations [16,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. They offer an extensive range of methods to increase wireless system performance [28].…”

A Novelistic Fractal Antenna for Ultra Wideband (Uwb) Applications

“…Details of antenna design techniques are discussed in [33], and particularly about printed antenna design in [34]. The application of these algorithms for rapid beam forming in smart antennas is discussed in [35,36]. Table 1 shows the increase in speed factor as the values of P and δ varies.…”

“…For example, with for P = 4 & δ = 7 the fractal array factor is 300 times faster to calculate than the conventional case. This property can be utilized in smart antennas to produce rabid beam forming algorithms [35,36].…”