Rapid Assessment of Biological Activity of Ag-Based Antiviral Coatings for the Treatment of Textile Fabrics Used in Protective Equipment Against Coronavirus

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have rapidly spread worldwide, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with numerous infected cases and millions of deaths. Therefore, developing approaches to fight against COVID-19 is currently the most priority goal of the scientific community. As a sustainable solution to stop the spread of the virus, a green dip-coating method is utilized in the current work to prepare antiviral Ag-based coatings to treat cotton and synthetic fabrics, which are the base materials used in personal protective equipment such as gloves and gowns. Characterization results indicate the successful deposition of silver (Ag) and stabilizers on the cotton and polypropylene fiber surface, forming Ag coatings. The deposition of Ag and stabilizers on cotton and etched polypropylene (EPP) fabrics is dissimilar due to fiber surface behavior. The obtained results of biological tests reveal the excellent antibacterial property of treated fabrics with large zones of bacterial inhibition. Importantly, these treated fabrics exhibit an exceptional antiviral activity toward human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43), whose infection could be eliminated up to 99.8% when it was brought in contact with these fabrics after only a few tens of minutes. Moreover, the biological activity of treated fabrics is well maintained after a long period of up to 40 days of post-treatment.

Electrospun Filtering Membrane Designed as Component of Self-Decontaminating Protective Masks

“…Log reductions observed on the textile without ADBAC correspond to the natural decay of the virus when deposited on a surface. While exhibiting some virucidal activity, 0.4% w / v ADBAC nanofibers did not reach a 2 log reduction before 4 h of contact time; in contrast, at contact times of 1 h to 4 h, the antiviral activity of 1.4% w / v ADBAC nanofibers had significant values ranging from 99% to 99.9% (2 to 3 log), which is comparable to other antiviral textiles [ 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Functional Textile Materials for Blocking COVID-19 Transmission

“…First, many virions are currently used to evaluate antiviral effects, and there is no consensus on their selection to data. The representative coronaviruses used in the literature were SARS-CoV-2, bovine coronavirus, MHV-A59, , HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43. , Currently, bacteriophages are the common alternative to the high-risk viruses used in a biosafety level 3 facility, such as T4, T7, Φ6, p22, and MS2. ,,− Besides, other virus alternatives, such as HAdV5, HSV-1, and H1N1, were also reported frequently. ,, Moreover, even bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa have served as viral models based on the claim that their binding site residues are highly similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 . This situation inevitably leads to difficulty in comparing the antiviral activities reported in different reports, which was pointed out by Camero as well that the resistance behaviors of a virus family against chemical and physical reagents are significantly characteristic and quite different than other families.…”

“…The representative coronaviruses used in the literature were SARS-CoV-2, 238 bovine coronavirus, 234 MHV-A59, 233 , 239 HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43. 189 , 240 Currently, bacteriophages are the common alternative to the high-risk viruses used in a biosafety level 3 facility, such as T4, T7, Φ6, p22, and MS2. 192 , 195 , 241 − 244 Besides, other virus alternatives, such as HAdV5, HSV-1, and H1N1, were also reported frequently.…”

Recent Development of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Materials for Antibacterial Applications: A Review

“…Nevertheless, Ag ions can bind to amino groups of DNA nucleotides and break their hydrogen bonds, which disturbs the DNA base pairing. 13 Apart from these mechanisms, Ag species can attack bacteria through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals (OH • ), oxygen superoxide radicals (O 2…”

“…•− ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). 13,347 The overproduction of ROS species will generate severe oxidative tension that causes bacterial cell membrane damage, protein synthesis disruption, and DNA-specific site destruction, eventually resulting in cell lysis. 358−360 Recently, metal NPs such as gold and silver, added to metal oxide NPs such as iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide, have been extensively reviewed for their antimicrobial applications.…”