Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing using resazurin bulk modified screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms

Crane, Benjamin; Hughes, J. P.; Neale, Samuel J Rowley; Rashid, Mamun; Linton, Patricia E.; Banks, Craig E.; Shaw, Kirsty J.

doi:10.1039/d1an00850a

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…To evaluate the MWCNT structure of the electrode and to confirm its non-porous nature, scan rate studies were carried out where the log of the peak current was measured against the log of the scan rate. For a typical diffusion-controlled redox process at a working electrode, one would expect a gradient of close to theoretical 0.5 [58]. The results of this work demonstrated a gradient of 0.4 which is close to the theoretical value of 0.5, thus indicating an electron process which was diffusional and demonstrated a non-porous electrode structure [59].…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 76%

Diamine Oxidase-Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Facilitate Electrode Surface Homogeneity

Amin

Abdullah

Rowley‐Neale

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Carbon nanomaterials have gained significant interest over recent years in the field of electrochemistry, and they may be limited in their use due to issues with their difficulty in dispersion. Enzymes are prime components for detecting biological molecules and enabling electrochemical interactions, but they may also enhance multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion. This study evaluated a MWCNT and diamine oxidase enzyme (DAO)-functionalised screen-printed electrode (SPE) to demonstrate improved methods of MWCNT functionalisation and dispersion. MWCNT morphology and dispersion was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Carboxyl groups were introduced onto the MWCNT surfaces using acid etching. MWCNT functionalisation was carried out using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by DAO conjugation and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. Modified C-MWNCT/EDC-NHS/DAO/GA was drop cast onto SPEs. Modified and unmodified electrodes after MWCNT functionalisation were characterised using optical profilometry (roughness), water contact angle measurements (wettability), Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (vibrational modes and elemental composition, respectively). The results demonstrated that the addition of the DAO improved MWCNT homogenous dispersion and the solution demonstrated enhanced stability which remained over two days. Drop casting of C-MWCNT/EDC-NHS/DAO/GA onto carbon screen-printed electrodes increased the surface roughness and wettability. UV-Vis, SEM, Raman and EDX analysis determined the presence of carboxylated MWCNT variants from their non-carboxylated counterparts. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated an efficient electron transfer rate process and a diffusion-controlled redox process. The modification of such electrodes may be utilised for the development of biosensors which could be utilised to support a range of healthcare related fields.

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Section: Electrochemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 76%

Diamine Oxidase-Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Facilitate Electrode Surface Homogeneity

Amin

Abdullah

Rowley‐Neale

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In a study conducted by Benjamin Crane et. al., 39 the utility of resazurin as redox mediators was explored for the detection of Escherichia coli with the goal of developing a diagnostic tool for urinary tract infection(Figure 3c). Notably, the study employed bulk modification of screen-printed electrodes during the carbon-graphitic ink screen printing process to incorporate resazurin into the electrodes.…”

Section: Electrochemical Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Lightning-Fast Techniques Based on Cutting-Edge Electrochemistry

R¹

2023

Preprint

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Due to the ongoing concern for the development of rapid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods in the field of clinical microbiology, several novel AST systems have been developed to replace the traditional gold standard AST techniques, which are time-consuming and can lead to delayed susceptibility guided therapy outcomes. In this review, the focus is on the phenotypic assays based on electrochemistry that are used to determine bacterial susceptibility towards antibiotics. Electrochemical techniques have gained significant interest in the field of AST due to their rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity, although it is important to note that some of these methods may have limitations regarding the specific classes of antibiotics and bacteria that they can be applied to, which researchers can address by fine-tuning the techniques or incorporating additional controls. By offering significant advantages over traditional AST methods in terms of rapidity and accuracy, electrochemical phenotypic assays could lead to improved patient outcomes.

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“…The use of resazurin as dye in AST methodologies is extensive. Combining resazurin with screen-printed electrodes, a platform for the electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli against gentamicin sulfate was developed [ 47 ]. DPV was also used allowing the determination of antibiotic susceptibility after 90 min, including the steps of inoculation, pre-incubation, and testing.…”

Section: Antibiotic Screening Through Electrochemical Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the screening of antimicrobial compounds using electrochemical biosensors: is there room for nanomaterials?

2022

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The abusive use of antimicrobial compounds and the associated appearance of antimicrobial resistant strains are a major threat to human health. An improved antimicrobial administration involves a faster diagnosis and detection of resistances. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are the reference techniques for this purpose, relying mainly in the use of culture techniques. The long time required for analysis and the lack of reproducibility of these techniques have fostered the development of high-throughput AST methods, including electrochemical biosensors. In this review, recent electrochemical methods used in AST have been revised, with particular attention on those used for the evaluation of new drug candidates. The role of nanomaterials in these biosensing platforms has also been questioned, inferring that it is of minor importance compared to other applications. Graphical Abstract

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Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing using resazurin bulk modified screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms

Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common types of bacterial infection. UTIs can be associated with multidrug resistant bacteria and current methods of determining an effective antibiotic...

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Diamine Oxidase-Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Facilitate Electrode Surface Homogeneity

Diamine Oxidase-Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Facilitate Electrode Surface Homogeneity

Revolutionizing Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Lightning-Fast Techniques Based on Cutting-Edge Electrochemistry

Advances in the screening of antimicrobial compounds using electrochemical biosensors: is there room for nanomaterials?

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