Rapid and Stereoselective C-C, C-O, C-N and C-S Couplings via Microwave Accelerated Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions

Bremberg, Ulf; Lutsenko, Serghey; Kaiser, Nils‐Fredrik K.; Larhed, Mats; Hallberg, Anders; Moberg, Christina

doi:10.1055/s-2000-6298

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…11.38) [55]. These reactions, when irradiated for 1 min with temperatures up to 100 8C, delivered yields (91±96 %) and ee values (94±95 %) identical with those performed in closed vessels in an oil bath at 100 8C for 5 min.…”

Section: Asymmetric Catalysissupporting

confidence: 52%

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Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry

Olofsson

Hallberg

Larhed

2002

Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

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Section: Asymmetric Catalysissupporting

confidence: 52%

“…(11.37), has recently been reported to yield high ee under single-mode microwave irradiation [54,55]. The use of this P,N-ligand catalytic system resulted in even higher ee than the P,P-ligand BINAP [56].…”

Section: Asymmetric Catalysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry

Olofsson

Hallberg

Larhed

2002

Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

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“…Despite these limitations, a number of very impressive enantioselective reactions involving chiral transition-metal complexes have been described. The research groups of Moberg, Hallberg, and Larhed reported on microwave-mediated palladium- [115,116] and molybdenum-catalyzed [117][118][119] asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions involving neutral carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nucelophiles in 2000. Both processes were carried out under non-inert conditions and yielded the desired products in high chemical yield and with typical ee values of > 98 %.…”

Section: Asymmetric Allylic Alkylationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

2004

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Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of “microwave flash heating” in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.

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“…Although providing a direct measurement of the temperature in the reactor it is not robust enough for daily use and handling, especially under reaction conditions that may be relevant in organic synthesis applications [22–23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature measurements with two different IR sensors in a continuous-flow microwave heated system

Rydfjord¹,

Svensson²,

Fagrell³

et al. 2013

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryIn a continuous-flow system equipped with a nonresonant microwave applicator we have investigated how to best assess the actual temperature of microwave heated organic solvents with different characteristics. This is non-trivial as the electromagnetic field will influence most traditional methods of temperature measurement. Thus, we used a microwave transparent fiber optic probe, capable of measuring the temperature inside the reactor, and investigated two different IR sensors as non-contact alternatives to the internal probe. IR sensor 1 measures the temperature on the outside of the reactor whilst IR sensor 2 is designed to measure the temperature of the fluid through the borosilicate glass that constitutes the reactor wall. We have also, in addition to the characterization of the before mentioned IR sensors, developed statistical models to correlate the IR sensor reading to a correct value of the inner temperature (as determined by the internal fiber optic probe), thereby providing a non-contact, indirect, temperature assessment of the heated solvent. The accuracy achieved with these models lie well within the range desired for most synthetic chemistry applications.

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Rapid and Stereoselective C-C, C-O, C-N and C-S Couplings via Microwave Accelerated Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry

Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

Temperature measurements with two different IR sensors in a continuous-flow microwave heated system

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