Rapid and simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs from human whole blood for reliable semi-quantitative NAGINATA drug screening by GC–MS

A fatal case of poisoning related to new cathinone designer drugs, 4-methoxy PV8, PV9, and 4-methoxy PV9, and a dissociative agent, diphenidine

“…The immunochemical drug screening kit Triage Ò DOA for urine specimens (Alere, Waltham, MA, USA) showed positive results for benzodiazepines (BZO) and amphetamines (AMP). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [3][4] and LC-MS/MS screening [5] for conventional drugs and toxic compounds detected caffeine, triazolam, 7-aminonitrazepam, and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in whole blood, caffeine, a-hydroxytriazolam, 7-aminonitrazepam, and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in hydrolyzed urine, and caffeine, triazolam, nitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam, flunitrazepam, and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in gastric contents, respectively. As ''aroma liquid'' and ''bath salt'' products were found at the scene and several unknown peaks were detected in the gastric contents on the GC-MS chromatogram, further toxicological analyses were performed.…”

“…The mass spectrum of each peak was compared with that in the Cayman Spectral Library, and Data Search System for new psychoactive substances created by the National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan [6]. The extract obtained from the gastric contents by modified QuEChERS extraction[4] without acetylation was also subjected to the analysis.The apparatus used for analysis was a combination of an Agilent 6890 GC and an Agilent 5973 MS with an Agilent HP-5 ms fused-silica capillary GC column (30 m  0.25 mm i.d.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry spectra obtained from ''aroma liquid'' and ''bath salt'' products.…”

“…determined by LC-MS/MS after extraction using the modified QuEChERS method[4][5] and using diazepam-d 5 as the internal standard (IS). A 0.2-ml sample of whole blood was diluted with 0.8 ml distilled water in a 15-ml centrifuge tube and 1.0 ml acetonitrile and 10 ll diazepam-d 5 solution (10 lg/ml in acetonitrile)…”

Detecting a wide range of environmental contaminants in human blood samples—combining QuEChERS with LC-MS and GC-MS methods

“…Thus, a sample preparation procedure for compounds with varying properties based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) approach was developed in this study. This approach has been successfully used for extracting a broad range of pesticides from different food matrices [10] and has recently also been tested for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from human blood samples [11,12]. Both LC-ESI-MS/MS and gas chromatography-electron ionization (GC-EI)-MS were applied in order to address a wide range of analytes.…”

Combination of Electromembrane Extraction and Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Step: Simultaneous Group Separation of Acidic and Basic Drugs

“…7 In another work, simultaneous determination of basic and acidic pharmaceuticals from human whole blood was achieved with recoveries ranging from 20 to 114% by combining PP and SPE. 8 However, simultaneous group separation of similar compounds by the above techniques may not be possible. 7,8 Microextraction techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) have been introduced to meet the demands of green sample preparation method.…”