Rapid and simple multi-analyte LC–MS/MS method for the determination of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotic drugs in blood samples: Development, validation and application based on three years of toxicological analyses

Banaszkiewicz, Laura; Woźniak, Mateusz Kacper; Kata, Marzena; Domagalska, Ewa; Wiergowski, Marek; Szpiech, Beata; Kot‐Wasik, Agata

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113569

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, some lag time is inevitable. Various methods have been published to detect DBZDs in biological specimens: immunological techniques ( Pettersson et al, 2016 ), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ( Inoue et al, 2000 ), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) ( Banaszkiewicz et al, 2020 ). The application of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been widely used as a screening method, offering high sensitivity and selectivity, and the flexible addition of new compounds to the screening libraries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strategy for Efficient Retrospective Data Analyses for Designer Benzodiazepines in Large LC-HRMS Datasets

et al. 2022

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The expanding and dynamic market of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses challenges for laboratories worldwide. The retrospective data analysis (RDA) of previously analyzed samples for new targets can be used to investigate analytes missed in the first data analysis. However, RDA has historically been unsuitable for routine evaluation because reprocessing and reevaluating large numbers of forensic samples are highly work- and time-consuming. In this project, we developed an efficient and scalable retrospective data analysis workflow that can easily be tailored and optimized for groups of NPSs. The objectives of the study were to establish a retrospective data analysis workflow for benzodiazepines in whole blood samples and apply it on previously analyzed driving-under-the-influence-of-drugs (DUID) cases. The RDA workflow was based on a training set of hits in ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) data files, corresponding to common benzodiazepines that also had been analyzed with a complementary UHPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. Quantitative results in the training set were used as the true condition to evaluate whether a hit in the UHPLC-QTOF-MS data file was true or false positive. The training set was used to evaluate and set filters. The RDA was used to extract information from 47 DBZDs in 13,514 UHPLC-QTOF-MS data files from DUID cases analyzed from 2014 to 2020, with filters on the retention time window, count level, and mass error. Sixteen designer and uncommon benzodiazepines (DBZDs) were detected, where 47 identifications had been confirmed by using complementary methods when the case was open (confirmed positive finding), and 43 targets were not reported when the case was open (tentative positive finding). The most common tentative and confirmed findings were etizolam (n = 26), phenazepam (n = 13), lorazepam (n = 9), and flualprazolam (n = 8). This method efficiently found DBZDs in previously acquired UHPLC-QTOF-MS data files, with only nine false-positive hits. When the standard of an emerging DBZD becomes available, all previously acquired DUID data files can be screened in less than 1 min. Being able to perform a fast and accurate retrospective data analysis across previously acquired data files is a major technological advancement in monitoring NPS abuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strategy for Efficient Retrospective Data Analyses for Designer Benzodiazepines in Large LC-HRMS Datasets

et al. 2022

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“…, posing unprecedented challenges to public health and law enforcement everywhere. 17,23 Therefore, it is particularly important to be able to quantitatively monitor the content of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics in body fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzodiazepines are GABA-A receptors that act on the limbic system and are mainly used to treat diseases such as anxiolytics, epilepsy, insomnia, convulsions and muscle relaxation. [15][16][17] Antipsychotic drugs (such as chlorpromazine) mainly play a role in inhibiting the central nervous system by inhibiting the transmission of dopamine for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia and agitation. 18,19 In addition to their therapeutic effects, these two types of drugs have serious side effects, such as slurred speech, unresponsiveness, delirium, coma, cognitive impairment, etc., especially aer overdose in normal people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] As a result, two types of drugs are also oen associated with various types of crime for different purposes, such as sexual assault, murder, robbery, assault, etc., posing unprecedented challenges to public health and law enforcement everywhere. 17,23 Therefore, it is particularly important to be able to quantitatively monitor the content of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics in body uids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and validation of the UPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of six new psychoactive substances

Tan

Wen²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…However, some lag time is inevitable. Various methods have been published to detect DBZDs in biological specimens: immunological techniques (Pettersson et al, 2016), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Inoue et al, 2000), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Banaszkiewicz et al, 2020). The application of highresolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been widely used as a screening method, offering high sensitivity and selectivity, and the flexible addition of new compounds to the screening libraries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new strategy for efficient retrospective data analyses for designer benzodiazepines in large LC-HRMS datasets

Mardal

2022

Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique

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Rapid and simple multi-analyte LC–MS/MS method for the determination of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotic drugs in blood samples: Development, validation and application based on three years of toxicological analyses

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

A New Strategy for Efficient Retrospective Data Analyses for Designer Benzodiazepines in Large LC-HRMS Datasets

A New Strategy for Efficient Retrospective Data Analyses for Designer Benzodiazepines in Large LC-HRMS Datasets

Development and validation of the UPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of six new psychoactive substances

A new strategy for efficient retrospective data analyses for designer benzodiazepines in large LC-HRMS datasets

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