Rapid and selective determination of UV filters in seawater by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry combined with stir bar sorptive extraction

Multi-target determination of organic ultraviolet absorbents in organism tissues by ultrasonic assisted extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…APCI and electronic spray ionization (ESI) have been widely used in determination of various UV absorbents [12,32,34,35,37,[40][41][42][43][45][46][47]49,50]. ESI was reported to provide better sensitivity for compounds of medium to high polarity and APCI is favorable for ionization of compounds with low polarity [47,59].…”

“…It is therefore very likely that various UV absorbents accumulate concurrently in the environment, especially in coastal waters where are usually served for agricultural (e.g., fishing and mariculture), industrial (e.g., shipping and offloading) as well as recreational purposes. In addition, most of the available research focused on water and sediment [30,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][45][46][47] whereas methods for determination of the UV filters and stabilizers in organism tissues are still limited [4,34,43]. However, many organic UV absorbents have potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification through trophic web given their strong lipophilicity [14].…”

Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Personal Care Products in Water Samples

“…Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was also used by Moeder et al [44], followed by LD in 50 μL of ethyl acetate, which were all injected into the GC system employing the large volume injection (LVI) approach using a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. SBSE constitutes another solid phase-based microextraction technique commonly employed for UV filters determination in environmental water samples [25,30,31,41,45,55,56,65,66,68,80]. In most of the cases non-polar PDMS stir bars are used since no other coatings were available.…”

“…As can be seen in Table 1, electrospray ionization (ESI), either in positive or negative mode depending on the target compound, is preferred rather than atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) as ionization mode. In fact Wick et al performed a comparison of both strategies obtaining better results in the former [43], on the contrary than Nguyen et al [55] who obtained better results with APCI. Nevertheless, Rodil et al [34] compared ESI with APPI and concluded that this last ionization mode was subjected to lesser matrix effects, causing suppression or enhancement of the signal, than ESI, although the MLOD obtained were higher.…”

Pharmaceutical Compounds Determination in Water Samples: Comparison Between Solid Phase Extraction and Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

“…Most analytes in water samples have been determine using solid phase extraction (SPE) in which an analyte is isolated and concentrate prior to quantification by chromatography [11]. Most recently, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been use for determination of PPCPs in water samples [12]. In these work a comparison between a solid phase extraction and SBSE for several PPCPs such as carbamazepine (CBZ), β-estradiol (EST), ibuprofen (IB), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4MBC) was made.…”