Rapid and Robust Analysis of Coumatetralyl in Environmental Water and Human Urine Using a Portable Raman Spectrometer

Abstract

The widespread use and exposure of coumatetralyl (CMTT) has led to its accumulation in the environment and organisms, causing damage to ecosystems and adverse health effects in humans. Unfortunately, achieving fast detection of CMTT remains challenging. Herein, a rapid and robust surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method was developed for rapid on-site detection of CMTT in environmental water and human urine. Clear trends were observed between the signal intensity and the logarithmic concentration of CMTT, ranging from 0.025 to 5.0 μg/mL with high reproducibility. The detection limits in water and human urine were as low as 1.53 and 13.71 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of CMTT for environmental water and urine samples were 90.2−98.2 and 82.0−87.5%, respectively, satisfactory for practical applications. The quantitative results of this approach were highly comparable to those obtained by highperformance liquid chromatography. Most importantly, it is cost-effective, operationally simple, and without a complicated sample preparation step. Detecting CMTT in water samples took only 5 min, and the detection of urine samples was completed within 8 min. This simple yet practical SERS approach offers a reliable application prospect for on-site CMTT detection in environmental water and point-of-care monitoring of poisoned patients.

Advances in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors of Pollutants in Water Treatment

“…Here, the detection of pollutants such as pesticides, herbicides, and organic dyes for water treatment is addressed (see Table 1). We start with the detection of organic dyes [54][55][56][57][58][59][60], then those of pesticides [61][62][63][64][65][66], and finally those of herbicides [67,68].…”

“…A LOD of 0.37 µg/L was found with this film due to the SERS enhancement coming from plasmonic hotspots produced between AuNPs and AgNCs/GO [65]. Han et al developed an on-site SERS detection of the pesticide coumatetralyl (CMTT) in environmental water by using the aggregation of gold nanoparticles via the salt addition of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ) and with a portable Raman spectrometer [66]. Thus, a LOD of 1.53 µg/L for the detection of CMTT was found thanks to the SERS enhancement resulting from the production of hotspots upon the aggregation of Au nanoparticles [66].…”

“…Han et al developed an on-site SERS detection of the pesticide coumatetralyl (CMTT) in environmental water by using the aggregation of gold nanoparticles via the salt addition of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ) and with a portable Raman spectrometer [66]. Thus, a LOD of 1.53 µg/L for the detection of CMTT was found thanks to the SERS enhancement resulting from the production of hotspots upon the aggregation of Au nanoparticles [66]. To conclude this part on the detection of pesticides, Li et al reported on the detection of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) such as tetradifon, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), chlordane, and α-endosulfan in river and fishpond waters [61] (see Figure 2a,b).…”