Rapid and reliable multivariate discrimination for two cryptic Eteline snappers using otolith morphometry

Wakefield, Corey B.; Williams, Ashley J.; Newman, Stephen J.; Bunel, Mélanie; Dowling, Christopher E.; Armstrong, Chella A.; Langlois, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.011

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Otolith microincrement data also indicate regional variation in growth rates (Smith and Kostlan, 1991), with fish in Vanuatu and the CNMI growing faster than those in Hawai'i or French Polynesia. Variation in otolith morphology between some locations also hints at the presence of two species: specimens from Hawai'i, French Polynesia, and CNMI differ from Fiji and Vanuatu (Smith, 1992;Wakefield et al, 2014). In addition, a recent population genetics study of E. carbunculus in New Caledonia found two distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region lineages with deep divergence (11-18% divergent), warranting further taxonomic and phylogeographic investigations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, Eteline snappers support recreational, artisanal, and commercial fisheries throughout their range (Williams et al, 2013;Newman et al, 2015), so that expensive expeditions are not necessary to obtain specimens. Third, there is some question about whether the widespread Etelis carbunculus Cuvier (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) comprises one or two species (Wakefield et al, 2014;Williams et al, 2015). Fourth, fisheries that target Etelis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of deepwater snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of the Atlantic

Andrews

Williams

Fernández-Silva

et al. 2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Evolutionary genetic patterns in shallow coastal fishes are documented with dozens of studies, but corresponding surveys of deepwater fishes (>200m) are scarce. Here we investigate the evolutionary history of deepwater snappers (genus Etelis), comprised of three recognized Indo-Pacific species and one Atlantic congener, by constructing a phylogeny of the genus with two mtDNA loci and two nuclear introns. Further, we apply range-wide Indo-Pacific sampling to test for the presence and distribution of a putative cryptic species pair within E. carbunculus using morphological analyses and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences from 14 locations across the species range (N=1696). These analyses indicate that E. carbunculus is comprised of two distinct, non-interbreeding lineages separated by deep divergence (d=0.081 in cytochrome b). Although these species are morphologically similar, we identified qualitative differences in coloration of the upper-caudal fin tip and the shape of the opercular spine, as well as significant differences in adult body length, body depth, and head length. These two species have overlapping Indo-Pacific distributions, but one species is more widespread across the Indo-Pacific, whereas the other species is documented in the Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific. The dated Etelis phylogeny places the cryptic species divergence in the Pliocene, indicating that the biogeographic barrier between the Indian and Pacific Oceans played a role in speciation. Based on historic taxonomy and nomenclature, the species more widespread in the Pacific Ocean is E. carbunculus, and the other species is previously undescribed (referred to here as E. sp.). The Atlantic congener E. oculatus has only recently (∼0.5Ma) diverged from E. coruscans in the Indo-Pacific, indicating colonization via southern Africa. The pattern of divergence at the Indo-Pacific barrier, and Pleistocene colonization from the Indian Ocean into the Atlantic, is concordant with patterns observed in shallow coastal fishes, indicating similar drivers of evolutionary processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of deepwater snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of the Atlantic

Andrews

Williams

Fernández-Silva

et al. 2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…sp.) (Wakefield et al, 2014;Andrews et al, 2016). Prior to the description of the distinction between these two species, the only information on the biology of E. carbunculus that was available was from Hawaii, where only E. carbunculus occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in fisheries catch data will be important to avoid potential biases in assessments. Identifying these two species can now be achieved accurately using external features (Andrews et al, 2016) or by using otolith shape where whole fish are unavailable and otoliths can be or have already been extracted (Wakefield et al, 2014).…”

Section: Latitudinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic, Latitudinal, and Sex-Specific Variation in Demography of a Tropical Deepwater Snapper across the Indo-Pacific Region

et al. 2017

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Deepwater tropical fisheries provide an important source of income and protein to Pacific and Indian Ocean coastal communities who are highly dependent on fish for food security. The development of quantitative assessments and management strategies for these deepwater fisheries has been hindered by insufficient biological and fisheries data. We examine the age-specific demography of the pygmy ruby snapper Etelis carbunculus, an important target species in tropical deepwater fisheries, across 90 • of longitude and 20 • of latitude in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Our results show that growth of E. carbunculus varies significantly between oceans and sexes and across latitudes in both oceans. Estimates of natural and fishing mortality were similar between oceans, but higher for females than males in both oceans. Evidence of greater fishing pressure on females than males is likely due to the larger size-at-age of females compared to males, assuming that selectivity of the fishing gear is related directly to fish size. Sex ratios were significantly female biased in both oceans despite this species being gonochoristic, and maturity schedules were similar between sexes in the Pacific Ocean. This species exhibits a protracted spawning season from mid-spring to autumn (i.e., October to May) in the Pacific Ocean. These results represent the first estimates of age-specific demographic parameters for E. carbunculus, and provide the foundation for the development of the first species-specific assessment models and harvest strategies for the species. Future stock assessment models for E. carbunculus should consider sex-specific demographic parameters and spatial variation in demography. Our results reveal substantial differences in biology between E. carbunculus and the giant ruby snapper E. sp., a cryptic congeneric species, and thus contribute to greater clarity in managing fisheries that are dependent on these two species. Furthermore, the improved information on the life history of E. carbunculus contributes to the broader sustainable management and improved food security for deepwater snapper fisheries in the Indo-Pacific region.

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“…[5]) and Etelis spp (e.g. [6]). This technique is now commonly used to improve representative sampling (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Lateral Extraction of Otoliths that Maintains the Integrity of Fish Product to Improve Access to Catches and Reduce Potential Sampling Biases

Wakefield¹,

Boddington²,

Newman³

2016

TOFISHSJ

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Abstract:The capacity to sample otoliths of fish from commercial, recreational, artisanal or subsistence catches can be constrained if the dissection process results in alterations to their external appearance and thus reduces its value and/or shelf life. There can also be significant biases incorporated into the collection of otolith samples if access is only granted relative to the size of the fish (i.e. if smaller fish are sold whole). To reduce such limitations, we herein describe a rapid and simple method of lateral otolith extraction that maintains the integrity of the fish product, and thus reduces potential biases in sample collection for age structure data. Representative sampling is an important consideration for the collection of age structure data when it is intended to be used in fisheries stock assessments.Keywords: Age Data, Fisheries, Representative Sampling, Sagittal Otolith Removal.Sagittal otoliths of fish are currently regarded as the primary structure for obtaining reliable estimates of their age [1]. Deriving estimates of mortality from age structure data for an exploited population of fish is an integral part of determining their sustainable harvest through quantitative stock assessments. To improve the accuracy of stock assessment estimates it is vital that the collection of age structure data be representative of the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing catch and/or effort. Considering fish population monitoring studies are usually constrained by funding and resources, collections of otoliths rely on the assistance of fishers to allow scientists to perform fish dissections on their valued catches. Such access is often restricted due to the sampling process resulting in alterations to the fish's external appearance and/or exposing internal structures to the external environment, subsequently reducing their value and shelf life (e.g. [2]). In order to reduce bias in age structure data during sampling access to catches needs to be maximised. This can be achieved through a rapid technique of otolith extraction that maintains the appearance and quality of sampled fish, which would thus overcome many factors that may prevent access for dissections prior to sizebased grading (e.g. filleting of larger fish, selling of smaller fish whole), which reduces the potential for sampling bias.Sagittal otoliths are located within the otic capsule that forms the ventral, posterior portion of the cranium. The otic capsule is made up predominantly of the exoccipital, basioccipital and parasphenoid bones (Fig. 1b). Sagittal otoliths are most commonly extracted either 1) dorsally by opening the cranium using a sawing device, or 2) ventrally by removing the gills to expose the otic capsule which can be levered opened using bone cutters or scissors ( Fig. 1), [3]. However, both these extraction methods require significant alterations to the physical appearance of the fish, which can reduce the value of the fish and subsequently limit access to catches for scientific dissections. The lateral extraction o...

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Rapid and reliable multivariate discrimination for two cryptic Eteline snappers using otolith morphometry

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Phylogeny of deepwater snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of the Atlantic

Phylogeny of deepwater snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of the Atlantic

Oceanic, Latitudinal, and Sex-Specific Variation in Demography of a Tropical Deepwater Snapper across the Indo-Pacific Region

Rapid Lateral Extraction of Otoliths that Maintains the Integrity of Fish Product to Improve Access to Catches and Reduce Potential Sampling Biases

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