Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Human Antibodies against the 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV2 and Its Variants as a Result of Vaccination and Infection

Taubner, Benjamin; Peredo-Wende, Ruben; Ramani, Ananthakrishnan; Singh, Gurpreet; Strle, Klemen; Cady, Nathaniel C.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00890-21

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This design combined the direct antigen detection assay described above with the previously described antibody detection assay. 1,2 For direct detection of Nuc, MM05 served as the capture antibody with R004 as the detection antibody, while MM08 was included as a potential alternative capture antibody and R004 was included as a positive control (Figure 1). For the SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection component of the V23 chip, the same antigens were used as previous work (S1, S1S2, RBD, Nuc).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional work will be needed to explore this possibility, using the large cohort of blood/serum samples that we have collected for prior efforts. 1,2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for variation between chips and experiments, normalized intensity data for positive control and SARS-CoV-2 antigen spots (mean intensity, x ¯ ) were divided by the average negative control spot intensity, plus three times the standard deviation (σ) of the negative control spot intensity ( x ¯ + 3σ) to produce a detection metric (detection ratio) as described previously. 1,2…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work, we demonstrated that nanoscale surface plasmon resonance gratings can be used in fluorescence enhancement mode for the detection of antibodies produced in human subjects who were previously infected with COVID-19 1 and in human subjects who received vaccines against the virus. 2 This technology, GC-FP, has also been leveraged for a highly multiplexed diagnostic assay for Lyme disease in humans, based on detection of antibodies against up to 16 different antigens of the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi . 3,4 While antibody-based serological assays are important for monitoring past infections or response to vaccination, the goal of this work was to extend GC-FP technology to direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, to demonstrate its potential as an acute disease diagnostic versus a purely serological test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual detection of COVID-19 antigens and antibodies using nanoscale fluorescent plasmonic substrates

Taubner

Gibbons

Cady

2022

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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There is a continuing need for biosensors that can be used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and to measure a subject’s immune response to the virus itself (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, grating-coupled fluorescent plasmonic (GC-FP)-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens was coupled with antibody detection to yield a dual-mode detection assay. Pairs of capture and detection antibodies were screened for direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nuc) antigen, which were then combined with an existing GC-FP antibody detection assay. Nuc could be detected as low as 1 µg/mL concentrations, while antibodies were detectable to 50 ng/mL. The dual detection assay was tested by adding purified Nuc antigen to serum from a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19-infected individual. Using this sample, co-detection of Nuc antigen and anti-spike protein antibodies was successfully performed on a single GC-FP chip. Total assay time was 1 h, making this the first known example of rapid dual antibody and antigen detection on the same biosensor chip.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional work will be needed to explore this possibility, using the large cohort of blood/serum samples that we have collected for prior efforts. 1,2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual detection of COVID-19 antigens and antibodies using nanoscale fluorescent plasmonic substrates

Taubner

Gibbons

Cady

2022

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

Self Cite

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“…For antibody detection, whole blood samples were obtained by fingerstick and collected in Whatman 903 protein saver cards. The samples were subsequently sent to the Broad Institute Serology Lab (BISL, Boston, U.S.), where anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG presence and abundance were determined in dried blood spots by ELISA assay according to BILS protocol [14].…”

Section: Specimen Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border

Zazueta¹,

Garfein

Cano-Torres³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the three most populous cities of Baja California prior to scale-up of a national COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Probabilistic three-stage clustered sampling was used to conduct a population-based household survey of residents five years and older in the three cities. RT-PCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined by IgG antibody testing using fingerstick blood samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding COVID-19. In total, 1,126 individuals (unweighted sample) were surveyed across the three cities. Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI 5.5–11.0) and IgG seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI 17.4–25.2). There was no association between border crossing in the past 6 months and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (unadjusted OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.12–1.30). While face mask use and frequent hand washing were common among participants, quarantine or social isolation at home to prevent infection was not. Regarding vaccination willingness, 30.4% (95% CI 24.4–3 7.1) of participants said they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Given the high prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California at the end of the first year of the pandemic, combined with its low seroprevalence and the considerable proportion of vaccine hesitancy, this important area along the Mexico-United States border faces major challenges in terms of health literacy and vaccine uptake, which need to be further explored, along with its implications for border restrictions in future epidemics.

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A rapid fluorescent plasmonic biosensor platform to diagnose Lyme disease from serum antibodies

Taubner,

Pelton,

Krushna Das

et al. 2024

Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVI

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Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne illness in the United States, is a significant clinical diagnostic challenge. The current approach is standard or modified two-tiered tests (STTT/MTTT), which both offer limited accuracy. A biosensing platform with nanoscale plasmonic gratings to enhance signal from antibodies was developed to resolve these issues. Human serum samples with known Lyme disease status were tested on the biosensor. These samples included patients in early and late stages of the disease, as well as healthy controls. The results were analyzed with ROC analysis to determine diagnostic thresholds. Scoring the data with these thresholds showed improved accuracy over STTT and MTTT. Further machine learning analysis on the data yielded similar results to the ROC analysis.. Based on these results, this biosensor has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for Lyme disease by enabling earlier disease diagnosis through higher sensitivity toward early stages of Lyme disease.

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Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Human Antibodies against the 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV2 and Its Variants as a Result of Vaccination and Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Dual detection of COVID-19 antigens and antibodies using nanoscale fluorescent plasmonic substrates

Dual detection of COVID-19 antigens and antibodies using nanoscale fluorescent plasmonic substrates

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border

A rapid fluorescent plasmonic biosensor platform to diagnose Lyme disease from serum antibodies

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