Rapid and Low‐Temperature Salt‐Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide

Gu, Jianan; Zhang, Chao; Du, Zhiguo; Yang, Shubin

doi:10.1002/smll.201904587

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The pursuit of 2D materials derives from their excellent optical, electrical, magnetic, and structural properties. [ 1–6 ] First, the ultrathin thickness of 2D materials greatly increases their specific surface area (SSA) and promotes atom utilization. The band structure and electrical characteristics of 2D materials can be adjusted by controlling their thickness or using doping approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Huang

Jin

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

124

100

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2D materials have demonstrated good chemical, optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics, and offer great potential in numerous applications. Corresponding synthesis technologies of 2D materials that are highquality, high-yield, low-cost, and time-saving are highly desired. Salt-assisted methods are emerging technologies that can meet these requirements for the fabrication of 2D materials. Herein, the recent process for the salt-assisted synthesis of 2D materials and their typical applications are summarized. First, the properties of salt crystals and molten salts are briefly introduced, and then some examples of 2D materials synthesis with the assistance of salt as well as their representative applications are presented. The underlying mechanisms of salts with different states on the formation of 2D morphology are discussed to aid in the rational design of synthetic route of 2D materials. At last, the challenges and future perspectives for salt-assisted methods are briefly described. This review provides guidance for the controllable synthesis of 2D materials based on the salt-assisted approaches.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908486.MoO 3 , and LaNb 2 O 7 ), [14][15][16] layered double hydroxides (LDHs, e.g., Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 •4H 2 O), [17] hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN), [2,18] transition metal halides (such as MoCl 2 and CrCl 3 ), [19] black phosphorus, [20] graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), [5] MXene (such as Ti 2 C and Ti 3 CN), [21][22][23][24][25] and clays (for instance, [(Mg 3 )(Si 2 O 5 ) 2 (OH) 2 ] and [(Al 2 )(Si 3 Al) O 10 (OH) 2 ]K). [19] Notably, many nonlayered structure species can also form 2D morphology with specific synthetic methods, largely expanding the 2D family (such as hexagonal-MoO 3 (h-MoO 3 ), hexagonal-WO 3 (h-WO 3 ), [15] transition metal nitrides (TMNs), [26,27] and transition metal phosphides (TMPs)). [28] To exploit the applications of 2D materials, the development of a synthetic method should be prioritized. Currently, synthesis processes of 2D materials could be divided into two categories, naming the top-down and bottom-up approaches. [29][30][31] Generally, exfoliation is the most common top-down method to produce monolayer or few-layer 2D materials. [19,32] Graphene was first prepared by mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with sellotape in 2004. [33] The exfoliation can weaken the interlayer Van der Waals force for bulk materials with layered crystal structures while maintain the covalent bonding in plane to produce monolayer or few-layer nanosheets. Although the productivity based on this method is limited due to the low efficiency, the exfoliation approach provides a new synthesis methodology for 2D materials. A series of studies on liquid exfoliation have been conducted by Coleman and co-workers. [19,34,35] By sonicating the bulk material in an appropriate solvent with similar interface energy, 2D material ink can be prepared. After the liq...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Huang

Jin

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

124

100

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“…21 Lattice match was also considered to be dominant in the role of the template for α-Si 3 N 4 . [25][26][27] The lattice mismatch between α-Si 3 N 4 (001) and NaCl (111) is only 0.53% (Figure S3), thus NaCl could be reasonably used as a latticematched template for the formation of the α-Si 3 N 4 nanoplatelets. Nevertheless, no α-Si 3 N 4 nanoplatelets were observed under the identical experimental conditions with the case using NaBr, which may be due to the larger lattice mismatch between α-Si 3 N 4 (001) and NaBr (111) (Figure S5).…”

Section: Plausible Growth Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of monophase two‐dimensional α‐Si₃N₄ nanoplatelets via an ionothermal route

Wang

Liang

et al. 2021

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) is one of the most desirable candidate materials for high-temperature ceramics, electronic components, aerospace, and machinery, owing to its hightemperature strength, high intrinsic thermal conductivity, low dielectric loss, excellent physical/chemical stability, and good mechanical properties. [1][2][3][4] Si 3 N 4 powders generally contain α and β phases, and the content of the former is an important criterion for evaluating their quality. As well documented, α → β phase transformation can further occur at temperatures as low as 1600°C, which promotes sintering and grain growth of Si 3 N 4 ceramics, improving their mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. 5 Since α-Si 3 N 4 powders play an important role in the preparation of high-performance silicon nitride ceramics,

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“…Template-assisted synthesis is another effective approach for the anisotropic growth of various ATCs, including non-noble metals, [68,69] noble metals, [70] metal oxides [71][72][73] and metallic TMDs. [20] In the synthetic strategy assisted with template, the growth of various ATCs can be confined in a given dimension and the thickness, morphology, size of the ATCs are significantly determined by the choice of the selected template.…”

Section: Template-assisted Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salt-assisted template method, such as NaCl, KCl, KNO 3 , can also afford widely various transition metal oxides based ATCs in large scale. [39,72,73,81] The selected salt templates are typically 2D structured materials under the molten state. During the synthesis, the templates of the salts and precursors of 2D ATCs are easily ionized in the molten state after heating.…”

Section: Template-assisted Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a newly rapid salt-assisted template method was proposed to prepare ultrathin (2-7 nm) metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides in large scale. [72] The salt template is cobalt dichloride hexahydrates (CoCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O), which is a typical 2D compound possessing the layered structure. The water loss of CoCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O endowed it with lower melting point (86 °C) than the developed molten salt (NaNO 3 : 306.8 °C, KNO 3 : 334 °C), showing an ideal low-temperature salt-assisted template to synthesize ultrathin 2D materials.…”

Section: Template-assisted Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic Thickness Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications

Han

Zhang

et al. 2020

Small Methods

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Atomic thickness catalysts (ATCs) have shown huge prospects in energy conversion applications due to the prominent advantages in large specific surface area and high density of exposed surface atoms over their bulk counterparts. The established ATCs, including metals (alloys), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal oxides (TMOs), and carbon‐based materials, have exhibited higher efficiency and better catalytic stability than that of commercial noble metal‐based nanocrystals for energy conversion related reactions. In this review, important progress is exemplified from the aspects of synthetic methods (e.g., bottom‐up and top‐down methods) and energy conversion related reactions, for instance, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CRR). Furthermore, a valuable insight into the remaining challenges and potential opportunities for ATCs is provided in the fields of energy conversion applications.

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Rapid and Low‐Temperature Salt‐Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Synthesis of monophase two‐dimensional α‐Si₃N₄ nanoplatelets via an ionothermal route

Atomic Thickness Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications

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Rapid and Low‐Temperature Salt‐Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials

Synthesis of monophase two‐dimensional α‐Si3N4 nanoplatelets via an ionothermal route

Atomic Thickness Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications

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Synthesis of monophase two‐dimensional α‐Si₃N₄ nanoplatelets via an ionothermal route