Rapid and high-throughput determination of cationic surfactants in environmental water samples by automated on-line polymer monolith microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs): A review on occurrence, fate and toxicity in the environment

“…Different kinds of surfactants such as cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactant can be analyzed simultaneously by applying mixed-mode reversed-phase HPLC (RPLC)-ESI-MS combined with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD), with detection limit in the range of 2.5-8.5 μg/mL achieved for cationic surfactants (Im et al, 2008). Furthermore, on-line polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS achieved automated determination of QACs in water samples, making the whole analysis procedure simple, accurate and time-saving (Peng et al, 2011).…”

“…Limited data showed the presence of BAC C12-16 and ATMAC C12 in plant wastewater, sanitary wastewater and medical wastewater in Wuhan, China, with concentrations in the range of 0.9-3.7 μg/L (Peng et al, 2011).…”

New developments in the trace analysis of organic water pollutants

“…For this purpose, Peng et al (2011) applied online polymer monolith microextraction coupled to HPLC-MS. Microextraction was performed with a poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith, followed by separation on a mixed-mode column packed with octyl and sulfonic acid co-bonded silica. LODs were found to be in the range of 15-24 ng L -1 .…”

Polymer monolith microextraction using poly(butyl methacrylate-co-1,6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate) monolithic sorbent for determination of phenylurea herbicides in water samples

“…During the past few years, PMME has been utilized for sample pretreatment in various bioanalytical and environmental applications [18,19]. PMME has been performed in various formats including monolith-filled capillary [20][21][22], monolith-in-needle [23], membrane-protected monolithic extraction [24], and monolithic coating on stir bar [25] for determining antibiotics, organic pollutants, or pharmaceuticals in various sample matrixes. For example, Li et al [20] utilized PMME in a fused silica capillary to isolate and concentrate phenols from water samples.…”

“…The polymeric monoliths used in the previous PMME studies in capillary format [20][21][22] were mainly utilized EDMA as the crosslinker and a polar monomer such as MAA to prepare polymeric monoliths for extraction. As an alternative, we utilized a polar cross-linker, 1,6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate (HEDA), and alkyl methacrylates to prepare HEDA-based monolithic materials [26] as extraction sorbents to perform PMME.…”