Rapid and Efficient Analysis of Microcystins, Nodularin, Cylindrospermopsin, and Anatoxin-a in Drinking Water by LC Tandem MS

Wang, Caroline C.; Petty, Eric E.; Smith, Christopher M.

doi:10.5740/jaoacint.16-0143

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nodularins, Anatoxins, Saxitoxins, Lyngbyatoxins, Aplysiatoxins, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are other cyanotoxins produced and excreted by different cyanobacteria species [79]. These toxins are released into the water when cyanobacteria cells die or lysis occurs during harmful algal blooms [80].…”

Section: Cyanobacteria In Nature and Industry 121 Algal Bloommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the mass production of microalgae on an industrial scale, very often open ponds and photobioreactors (PBRs) have been used [79,80]. Open ponds are the oldest and least expensive configurations among the different methods; however, the culture suspension in open ponds is highly susceptible to contamination with other microorganisms, difficult to control temperature fluctuations and evaporative losses, and prone to insufficient mixing and light illumination [85][86][87][88].…”

Section: Usage Of Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Allaf

Peerhossaini

2022

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review, the general background is provided on cyanobacteria, including morphology, cell membrane structure, and their photosynthesis pathway. The presence of cyanobacteria in nature, and their industrial applications are discussed, and their production of secondary metabolites are explained. Biofilm formation, as a common feature of microorganisms, is detailed and the role of cell diffusion in bacterial colonization is described. Then, the discussion is narrowed down to cyanobacterium Synechsystis, as a lab model microorganism. In this relation, the morphology of Synechsystis is discussed and its different elements are detailed. Type IV pili, the complex multi-protein apparatus for motility and cell-cell adhesion in Synechosystis is described and the underlying function of its different elements is detailed. The phototaxis behavior of the cells, in response to homogenous or directional illumination, is reported and its relation to the run and tumble statistics of the cells is emphasized. In Synechsystis suspensions, there may exist a reciprocal interaction between the cell and the carrying fluid. The effects of shear flow on the growth, doubling per day, biomass production, pigments, and lipid production of Synechocystis are reported. Reciprocally, the effects of Synechocystis presence and its motility on the rheological properties of cell suspensions are addressed. This review only takes up the general grounds of cyanobacteria and does not get into the detailed biological aspects per se. Thus, it is substantially more comprehensive in that sense than other reviews that have been published in the last two decades. It is also written not only for the researchers in the field, but for those in physics and engineering, who may find it interesting, useful, and related to their own research.

show abstract

Section: Cyanobacteria In Nature and Industry 121 Algal Bloommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Usage Of Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Allaf

Peerhossaini

2022

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, drinking water is a source of potential exposure. The occurrence of cyanotoxins in drinking water depends on various steps during its production, such as their original levels in raw source water and the efficiency of treatment methods at removing cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins [19,20]. Consequently, a European directive from 2020 fixed a guideline of 1 µg/L in drinking water for MC-LR [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS

Van Camp,

Van Hassel,

Abdallah

et al. 2023

Chemosensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dairy milk holds a prominent position as a widely consumed food, particularly among infants and children. However, it is crucial to address the presence of multiple natural toxic compounds that may co-occur in dairy milk to ensure its safety prior to consumption. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an emerging mycotoxin of interest, is a potential contaminant in the milk of animals who ingest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The toxin is regulated in the European Union under Commission Regulation No 1881/2006. Unfortunately, there is a notable lack of data concerning the transfer of various emerging microbial contaminants into dairy milk and, therefore, their natural occurrences. In this study, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of multiple cyanotoxins (microcystin congeners and nodularin) and AFM1 by the main analytical guidelines. Toxins are extracted with methanol 80%, followed by an SPE clean-up step before LC-MS/MS analysis. The LOQ was fixed at 1 µg/L for the nine cyanotoxins and 0.05 µg/L for AFM1. Recoveries were measured between 82.67% and 102%. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other LC-MS/MS methods available for the simultaneous quantification of cyanotoxins and mycotoxins in milk.

show abstract

“…ELISA, PPIA, and Lemieux oxidation methods cannot distinguish between MC congeners. Identification and characterization of MCs using LC–MS and MS/MS with different mass analyzers have been carried out − but require manual interpretation of MS/MS data. Each MC congener produces a unique MS/MS spectrum containing a large number of fragment ions, making manual interpretation complicated and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Microcystins Using High-Resolution MS and MSⁿ with Python Code

Baliu-Rodriguez

Peraino

Premathilaka

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs) are highly toxic and can be present in drinking water sources. Determining the structure of MCs is paramount because of its effect on toxicity. Though over 300 MC congeners have been discovered, many remain unidentified. Herein, a method is described for the putative identification of MCs using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high-resolution (HR) Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) and a new bottom-up sequencing strategy. Maumee River water samples were collected during a harmful algal bloom and analyzed by LC−MS with simultaneous HRMS and MS/ MS. Unidentified ions with characteristic MC fragments (135 and 213 m/z) were recognized as possible novel MC congeners. An innovative workflow was developed for the putative identification of these ions. Python code was written to generate the potential structures of unidentified MCs and to assign ions after the fragmentation for structural confirmation. The workflow enabled the putative identification of eight previously reported MCs for which standards are not available and two newly discovered congeners, MC-HarR and MC-E(OMe)R.

show abstract

Rapid and Efficient Analysis of Microcystins, Nodularin, Cylindrospermopsin, and Anatoxin-a in Drinking Water by LC Tandem MS

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS

Identification of Novel Microcystins Using High-Resolution MS and MSⁿ with Python Code

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Rapid and Efficient Analysis of Microcystins, Nodularin, Cylindrospermopsin, and Anatoxin-a in Drinking Water by LC Tandem MS

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Cyanobacteria: Model Microorganisms and Beyond

Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS

Identification of Novel Microcystins Using High-Resolution MS and MSn with Python Code

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Identification of Novel Microcystins Using High-Resolution MS and MSⁿ with Python Code