Rapid and Controllable Flame Reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires for Enhanced Solar Water-Splitting

Cho, In Sun; Logar, Manca; Lee, Chi Hwan; Cai, Lili; Prinz, Fritz B.; Zheng, Xiaolin

doi:10.1021/nl4026902

Cited by 186 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Flame annealing method is reported by Zheng's group [87][88][89][90]. The as-deposited TiO 2 nanotube, Fe 2 O 3 nanorod, and so on undergo a fast annealing treatment to realize high crystallinity [87,90].…”

Section: Other Film Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Wang

2018

Sci. China Mater.

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Section: Other Film Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Wang

2018

Sci. China Mater.

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“…Reported hematite at band potentials range between 0.4 and 0.6 V vs. RHE and thus our values coincide with these. 54,56,68 Aer the Ti treatment the MS plots become more at (Fig. 6Sb †) indicating an increase in donor density, however, extracting the at band potentials and the donor densities quantitatively is not possible.…”

Section: Mott-schottky (Ms) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H 2 O 2 is used as a probe molecule to evaluate the efficiency and the kinetic limitations of the different photoanodes as the oxidation of H 2 O 2 is kinetically much easier than water oxidation. 55,56 We performed photoelectrochemical experiments in the presence of 0.5 M H 2 O 2 ( Fig. 4Sa and b †).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical deposition of Fe₂O₃ in the presence of organic additives: a route to enhanced photoactivity

et al. 2015

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The photoelectrochemical activity of hematite films prepared by electrochemical deposition (ED) in the presence of organic additives is discussed. The studies focus on the role of small organic additive molecules in the tuning of the morphology of the films and their influence on the photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. The organic additives, namely, coumarin 343 (C343), g-glucuronic acid (GA) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (Sds), possess functional moieties to interact with iron ions in the ED bath electrostatically or through metal-ligand complexation reactions. XPS measurements prove that the organic additives are incorporated, and the oxidation state of Fe 3+ rules out the presence of mixed valences in the films. SEM and XRD measurements present morphological and structural evidence,respectively. The photoelectrochemical study shows that organically modified hematite films exhibit enhanced photoactivity; the photocurrent density at 1.4 V vs. RHE on a GA-modified electrode is up to 5-6 times higher than on the unmodified electrode. Electrochemical impedance results reveal the role of the organic additives in reducing the charge transfer resistance from the hematite surface to the solution. In addition, a simple Ti post treatment greatly enhances the photoactivity of all electrodes under investigation.

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“…35 The C-doped TiO 2 shifted the level of the valence band, resulting smaller bandgap energy. Yang et al and Li et al reported independently the fabrication of Sn-doped Fe 2 O 3 nanostructure on the FTO glass for decreasing electron-hole recombination.…”

Section: Surface Engineering Routes For Metal Oxide Nanostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective—A Brief Perspective on the Fabrication of Hierarchical Nanostructure for Solar Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cells

Kwon

Cho

Lee

et al. 2018

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Among various solar energy generation methods, a water splitting photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell have been anticipated as a one of the promising source to generate hydrogen by natural sunlight. Owing to unique electrical, electrochemical and optical properties, the nanostructured metal oxides were intensively investigated to adopt as a main material in the water splitting PEC cell. However, most of nanostructured metal oxides have an improper bandgap size/position for splitting water molecule, it needs to be engineered to shift a level of the energy bandgap. In this prospective review, we will briefly discuss solution-processed fabrication methods for water splitting applications. Current StatusSunlight-driven energy generation systems have been broadly studied to establish a clean and sustainable energy source. Water splitting photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is one of the next-generation hydrogen generation technology.1-3 Since metal oxides have unique electrical, electrochemical and optical properties, it usually was adopted as a main material for the water splitting PEC cell. At this time, the metal oxides were fabricated to have nanoscale structure. Typically, the nanostructured materials have different chemical, electrical and optical characteristics, largely depended on the size. 4 One of the featured characteristics for the nanoscale materials is large surface to volume ratio, which indicates that it offers many chemical reaction sites. Moreover, the nanostructured materials own minimized defects and shortened migration distance for electrons/holes, which decreases electron-hole recombination and eventually leads high photoresponse efficiency.5 Nanomaterials were engineered as various shapes and structures such as thin film, 6 porous frameworks, 7,8 nature-mimicked branched systems 9,10 and hierarchical structures 11,12 to obtain maximize surface areas. Among the various structures, the hierarchical metal oxide nanostructure has been broadly studied for the electrochemical applications due to a simple structure form as well as a capability of modulation for the electrical property. Regarding the hierarchical structure is basically consisted of an inner core and an outer surrounding, the core material fabrication process firstly needs to be determined. At the early stage of research, metal oxide-based hierarchical nanostructures were generally synthesized via vapor-liquid-solid process, mostly conducted under vacuum environment. However, several pioneer researchers have introduced a hybrid fabrication process using both dry and wet methods to get hierarchical nanostructure. Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanostructure by Hydrothermal Process for Water Splitting ApplicationsOver several decades, nanostructured metal oxides were synthesized by various vacuum-based synthesis methods such as evaporator, 13,14 sputtering, 15 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [16][17][18][19] pulsed laser deposition (PLD) 20 and other techniques. Recently, a hydrothermal reaction was practiced to make metal oxide nanostructure z E-mai...

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Rapid and Controllable Flame Reduction of TiO₂ Nanowires for Enhanced Solar Water-Splitting

Cited by 186 publications

References 38 publications

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Electrochemical deposition of Fe₂O₃ in the presence of organic additives: a route to enhanced photoactivity

Perspective—A Brief Perspective on the Fabrication of Hierarchical Nanostructure for Solar Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cells

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Rapid and Controllable Flame Reduction of TiO2 Nanowires for Enhanced Solar Water-Splitting

Cited by 186 publications

References 38 publications

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials, fabrication and characterization

Electrochemical deposition of Fe2O3 in the presence of organic additives: a route to enhanced photoactivity

Perspective—A Brief Perspective on the Fabrication of Hierarchical Nanostructure for Solar Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cells

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Rapid and Controllable Flame Reduction of TiO₂ Nanowires for Enhanced Solar Water-Splitting

Electrochemical deposition of Fe₂O₃ in the presence of organic additives: a route to enhanced photoactivity