Rapid and complete destruction of perchlorate in water and ion-exchange brine using stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Xiong, Zhong; Zhao, Dongye; Pan, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.049

Cited by 193 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In recent years, nZVI has attracted the attention of many scientists (19). Due to high reduction capacity, high efficiency, abundance, cheapness, and its unique atomic, molecular, and chemical properties, nZVI has been used in the treatment of nitrate contaminated water (20,21). Despite numerous benefits of this technology, there are limitations in the use of nZVI such as pH control, ammonium production, and particle aggregation (20,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

2014

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Background: Contamination of water resources with nitrate is a serious environmental problem in many regions of the world. In addition, this problem has been observed in some regions of Iran. As Nitrate is threatening for human health and environment, it must be decreased to standard levels in drinking water. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to model the nitrate removal from water by nano-scaled zero-valent iron (nZVI) using response surface methodology and to investigate the effects of the nZVI dose, nitrate concentration, contact time, and ionic strength on removal efficiency. Materials and Methods: Box-Behnken design was used. Response surface methodology was used for modeling nitrate removal. All experiments were conducted according to standard methods. Important assessed parameters included nZVI dose (0.5-2 g/L), nitrate concentration (50-150 mg/L), contact time (15-60 minutes), and ionic strength (1000-5000 μmho/cm). Results: Results indicated that there was a direct association between nitrate removal efficiency and time and nZVI dosage. Therefore, increasing of the contact time or nZVI dose would increase nitrate removal. On the other hand, the nitrate removal was decreased when ionic strength and initial concentration were increased. The analysis of variance revealed that the proposed regression model could be appropriately used to design experiments. The model correlation coefficient was 0.9992 and the adjusted value was 0.9982. Conclusions: Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design were powerful statistical tools for navigating nitrate reduction process. The results showed that a high percentage of nitrate were reduced by nZVI and this method might be efficiently used for nitrate removal from water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

2014

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“…As a strong reductant, Fe 0 nanoparticles can degrade a wide range of pollutants by adsorption and chemical reduction. Fe 0 nanoparticles has been successfully used for the treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons (Lien and Zhang 2005;Liu et al 2005), polychlorinated biphenyls (Varanasi et al 2007), organochlorine pesticides (Elliott et al 2009), and inorganic pollutants such as perchlorate (Xiong et al 2007), chromate (Xu and Zhao 2007;Franco et al 2009), nitrate (Liou et al 2005), arsenic (Morgada et al 2009), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of hexavalent chromium from contaminated ground water using zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Singh

Misra

Singh

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Batch experiments were conducted on ground water samples collected from a site contaminated with Cr(VI) to evaluate the redox potential of zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) nanoparticles for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated ground water. For this, various samples of contaminated ground water were allowed to react with various loadings of Fe(0) nanoparticles for a reaction period of 60 min. Data showed 100% reduction of Cr(VI) in all the contaminated ground water samples after treatment with 0.20 gL(-1) of Fe(0) nanoparticles. An increase in the reduction of Cr(VI) from 45% to 100% was noticed with the increase in the loading of Fe(0) nanoparticles from 0.05 to 0.20 gL(-1). Reaction kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction showed pseudo first-order kinetics with rate constant in the range of 1.1 × 10(-3) to 3.9 × 10(-3) min(-1). This work demonstrates the potential utility of Fe(0) nanoparticles in treatment and remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated water source.

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“…Our prior TEM images (He et al 2007;Xiong et al 2007) indicated that the CMC-stabilized nanoparticles appeared as well-dispersed, discrete nanoscale particles. DLS tests in this study indicated that the mean size of 99.9% (by number) of the fresh CMC-stabilized ZVI nanoparticles (prepared at 1 g/L and stabilized with 0.9% CMC) was 13.7 ± 2.3 nm (three measurements).…”

Section: Dls Characterization Of Cmc-stabilized Zvi Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…More recently, He and Zhao (2007a) demonstrated that the ZVI particle size could be manipulated by applying stabilizers of various molecular weights or by tuning the stabilizer-to-ZVI molar ratio. The stabilized nanoparticles displayed both superior physical stability and much greater reactivity than their non-stabilized counterparts when used for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (He et al 2007) and perchlorate (Xiong et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and controlled transformation of nitrate in water and brine by stabilized iron nanoparticles

2008

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Highly reactive zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were tested for reduction of nitrate in fresh water and brine. Batch kinetic tests showed that the pseudo first-order rate constant (k obs ) with the stabilized nanoparticles was five times greater than that for non-stabilized counterparts. The stabilizer not only increased the specific surface area of the nanoparticles, but also increased the reactive particle surface. The allocation between the two reduction products, NH 4 + and N 2 , can be manipulated by varying the ZVI-to-nitrate molar ratio and/or applying a Cu-Pd bimetallic catalyst. Greater CMC-to-ZVI ratios lead to faster nitrate reduction. Application of a 0.05 M HEPES buffer increased the k obs value by 15 times compared to that without pH control. Although the presence of 6% NaCl decreased k obs by 30%, 100% nitrate was transformed within 2 h in the saline water. The technology provides a powerful alternative for treating water with concentrated nitrate such as ion exchange brine.

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Rapid and complete destruction of perchlorate in water and ion-exchange brine using stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Cited by 193 publications

References 38 publications

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

Removal of hexavalent chromium from contaminated ground water using zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Rapid and controlled transformation of nitrate in water and brine by stabilized iron nanoparticles

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