Rapid and Accurate Production of 3D Point Cloud via Latest-Generation Sensors in the Field of Cultural Heritage: A Comparison between SLAM and Spherical Videogrammetry

Abstract

The manuscript intends to describe different methodologies for the acquisition, data processing, and identification of strategies aimed at improving the quality of 3D point cloud production using latest-generation sensors in the field of cultural heritage surveying. The point clouds taken into consideration were acquired by passive and active sensors on the Buziaș site, an important historical and architectural structure in Romania. In particular, a spherical camera (Ricoh Theta Z1) was used in order to obtain a video; subsequently, starting from the video, more datasets were extracted and processed in a photogrammetric software based on Structure from Motion and Multi View Stereo algorithms. In addition, a Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) sensor (ZEB Revo RT) was used in order to generate a point cloud. The different point clouds produced were compared with the data obtained through a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) survey. Statistical analyses were carried out to check and validate the results obtained from the comparison between the different techniques and data acquisition methods. The statistical analysis showed that the model obtained with the GeoSLAM was metrically more accurate and detailed than the point cloud generated by the videogrammetric processing highlighted in this study. The paper also analyzes the performance of the three different sensors used, including parameters such as acquisition (timing and ease of use), processing (timing and ease of use), results (accuracy, resolution, and chromatic quality), and costs (instrumental and operator).

3d Reconstruction of the Fort Santiago Dungeons Using Handheld Laser Scanning Method

“…To this end, the utilization of 3D Digital Modeling techniques provides a compelling solution for recording their geometric information (Pepe et al, 2022). As for the specific methods to be used, the conventional static Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) has its limitations as it is not efficient for every setting such as mapping indoor environments.…”

Quality Analysis of 3D Point Cloud Using Low-Cost Spherical Camera for Underpass Mapping

“…The significance of 3D point cloud quality assessment extends across various domains, including urban planning [ 1 ], environmental monitoring [ 2 ], archeology, cultural heritage documentation [ 3 ], and disaster management [ 4 ]. This detailed spatial information facilitates accurate terrain analysis, volumetric assessments, and object localization, facilitating informed processes [ 5 ].…”

From 3D Point Cloud to an Intelligent Model Set for Cultural Heritage Conservation

“…Furthermore, it lends the synagogue a touch of uniqueness, as the whole guide experience can be tried only within its walls. However, new technologies such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), capable of generating point clouds kinematically, are spreading nowadays [20]. The resulting visual guide of the synagogue serves as a great example of how the use of modern technologies offers us another opportunity for the presentation of cultural heritage sites and objects and bringing them closer to people.…”

“…However, new technologies such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), capable of generating point clouds kinematically, are spreading nowadays [20]. In addition, the use of low-cost sensors for the 3D representation of objects or structures is in continuous evolution and attracts interest in the scientific field in relation to the enormous cultural heritage.…”

“…Figure 3. Laser and photogrammetry used together for increased accuracy and precision [19].However, new technologies such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), capable of generating point clouds kinematically, are spreading nowadays[20].…”